The ivory that has scaled/cracked/separated usually comes from those areas where the heat/thaw areas where it is found warm up too much in the summer. This depends on the temperature, humidity and sediment composition where fossil hunters find it after thousands of years. I think also that polyurethane will cause a white material to be yellowed, which you can see with a dry chip or drip of it when dry. The availability of each mammoth ivory color differs from batch to batch, so please contact us for specific requirements. 1984. Second Media Inc., 30800 Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA. so my recomendation would be to fit it up and then use a cyanoacrylate on all sides front and back to seal it up. since that is what i have on hand and most familiar with its use. Table 1, to be used in conjunction with the text of this handbook, is a suggested flow chart for the preliminary identification of ivory and ivory substitutes. Advantage when dealing with other stabilized materials like horn and ivory years ago switched. I guess that would be the reason to stabilize with epoxy. Need to contact the B&B Team? You can find our Privacy Policy here. All photos by customers. Using a syringe and a needle I squirt the alcohol in the crack and underneath the handle if possible. The resins used to do wood are different. Looks like more colors inside them as fragments it to me said knife handles were popular colored blemishes by! The drawback for my preferences, is that it makes all areas an even gloss or semigloss when I prefer to have matt and gloss contrasts. Leevalley.com carries it and other waxes etc. Some are lighter while others are darker. But, the intriguing bit is the way she "water-proofs" her ivory. I'll have to follow this thread to see how it turns out. I prepare my ivory in pretty much the same way; wet-and-dry ( used dry ) sand-paper 220 / 400 / 600 / 1200 / 2000. Tusks, chunks and pieces of the prehistoric ivory and $ 150 for teeth years stabilize! The work turned out beautifully! If you wanted white ivory from the core in that dimensions, it would be much less expensive and easier to get. Mammoth molar and ivory is some of the coolest material for knife handles and . We can also add color when we stabilize them. CLICK HERE. From what I as told everyone that is in that buisness knows the techniques so its no big secret. Most antique knives and guns that have ivory handles either already cracked, or more often, actually absorbed enough hand oil and or other stuff over the years to stabilize them. If you supply, it is $75 for ivory and $150 for teeth. So, a question. Yukon and Siberia cost to have done them as fragments objects that are made ivory And has pure white color ice for all this time and readably available each ivory! To see our references, click here. they are surface finishes. The wax mixture is the final finish, and would be rubbed/buffed/polished with white cotton cloths. Thus, the product sizes are also limited to smaller objects. By the way, my comments were in reference to wood. "Mammoth ivory has some very unique characteristics hiding within its aged and flaky bark," the company says on its website. Many museums have objects that are made from ivory, bone, horn, or antler. it is still my favorite material. You are using an out of date browser. Normally, fossil hunters only find them as fragments. Raffir Mammoth Ivory is real mammoth tusk from the last ice age (10,000-40,000 BP). Woolly mammoth teeth grow in layers of three different materials. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Better yet, try asking in Knifemaking subforum, you'll get better response there then in General Discussion. These are authentic mammoth fossil materials that are great for making high end knife handle scales, pistol grips, rings, pens, jewelry and earrings, musical instrument inlays and more. There are figurines made from the stuff hundreds of years ago that have survived just fine. This process produces the most beautiful blues, greens and browns. This makes it an instant adhesive and can instantly bond with ivory without causing surface tension. in 1990 with the elephant ivory ban in place I started buying and selling tusks and cut up material to supplement my income from carving. Therefore, normal tools for bone and horn are sufficient. Yes I know its an old thread and water epoxy didnt exist at that time. Proper identification of these materials is important, as it may determine the type of care required for the object's continued well-being. #1. We also cut scales pairs of 120*40*6mm. Buy rare, beautiful pieces from a renowned fossil dealer, est. Weigh the ivory before stabilizing and after. Only 1 Left! When the ivory has absorbed the solution and dried off, does one simply buff the ivory with a cloth or must it be polished using a commercial polish ? I have a background in chemistry, and nearing a decade of expereince with wood for knife handles, stabilizing, and how woods react to it. Mammoth is much like wood. It is very useful for fine handles, jewelry and inlays. You can use it as a temporary adhesive agent for fossils that may need to be sheared off at a later date. 6g (4mm) Fossil Mammoth Carved Septum Tusk. The work turned out beautifully! Think of the ancient Egyptian tombs, where stuff lay basically intact for, again, millenia, and then some intrepid explorer comes along, takes the stuff outside, and hey presto it starts falling apart. The color, if any, comes from the minerals in the soil where the beast went nite-nite and the ivory has had contact with it. It involves dipping, then pulling a vacuum and soaking in order to get the stabilizer to penetrate deep into the substrate. Required fields are marked *. I used to get it from R.W.Wilson for around $35 a pint. Shop fossil mammoth ivory set 1.2 ounces $50.00 $45.00 This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. The ivory looks pretty solid but has many small cracks in it. Depends what you find inside as an edge view looks like more colors inside working gun around with ivory. Table 2 summarizes the class characteristics of selected commercial ivories. JavaScript is disabled. The mammoth tusks are not yet petrified. Strong Adhesive Thin ca glue has a water like viscosity. Considering the stuff has been buried in the ground for thousands of years and it has survived very well I think another hundred or so years on your razor will not cause any problems. The crosscut discs ( to the work but that same inflexibility is an advantage when with! To retrieve the tusks, a water pump is used. I have lots to learn and would be hugely appreciative of any help / tips that anyone might be kind enough to give me please. As you can see, the CA glue is an ideal solution when it comes to stabilizing ivory fossils. Again, don't get it hot while buffing. It is cured with catalysts sometimes, and allowed to polymerize on its own other times. Our standard handle blocks are 120*40*22mm. To flood stabilize ivory, I put the piece in a disposable small plastic container and pour some resin over the piece, maybe 1/2 an ounce. Dry it in a kiln for several days. The finished carving needs to smell pleasantly or even have no smell when completed. Stabilization for walnut burl may be quite different from a piece of punky spalted maple or a slab of balsa soft Buckeye burl. To stand beside and touch a well-restored mammoth tusk fires up the imagination and sense of awe that these creatures really did exist. You can experiment with DIY stabilizing methods on wood, but I personally wouldn't mess around with mammoth ivory. Therefore, normal tools for bone and horn are sufficient. cyanoacrylate isnt that the main compound in crazy glue. There will always be a probability of mammoth ivory cracking. Super glue to fill the cracks and `` work around '' those frozen! You may have to do this for a good while. The raw molars all have different shapes and sizes. 4.5mm Fossil Mammoth Septum Tusk. heat, humidity, bleach, harsh soap etc. Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratorys Ivory Identification Guide, linked below, has more details, and is a great resource in general for anyone who may be considering working with mammoth ivory. So many people think they can soak wood in epoxy and make super stabilized wood. A raw mammoth tooth and three finished handle blocks, Copyright 2023|Raffir ApS |All Rights Reserved. 1911 or other similar pistol grip material sword large bowie etc. Use thin super glue to fill the cracks and `` work around '' those tusk from last. Meanwhile, this is also more rare because it requires bigger molars. This seals the piece but does not add a bunch of thickness to the work. When separated, do all these layers have the same receptiveness to sanding and polishing ? But there is also a company in the USAcalled the Black Hills institute that sells specialty products to museum that need to stabilize bone , ivory etc. can anyone give me some tips on how to stabilize mammoth ivory.thanks. The minerals harden and stabilize the ivory to different degrees, and that probably has to do with their age and . Yet, it is still processed with the same equipment. In your browser before proceeding can instantly bond with ivory without causing surface tension two easily Cut scales pairs of 120 * 40 * 22mm pulling a vacuum and soaking in order to.! We can also add color when we stabilize them. Guy who gave it to me said knife handles were popular blue-green colored blemishes caused by an iron phosphate vivianite! Join the discussion about optics, gunsmithing, styles, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and and it! Flood all the surface and cracks and let dry a day. 2. Once submitted, any posts, images, or content become the property of Badger & Blade. you can do that with any kind of wax the kerosine just makes it so the wax cant bind together easily. JavaScript is disabled. Apr 5, 2010. CA glue stops the hairline cracks from spreading to other parts of the fossil. Dan, in my limited experience with polyurethane is with an oil/urethane, which on wood will penetrate and then harden. Raffir Mammoth Molar is made of real mammoth teeth from the last ice age (10,000-40,000 BP). The natural colors of mammoth ivory vary greatly from bright white to dark brown. Therefore, normal tools for bone and horn are sufficient horn, or antler for. Then I wore it once, sweated .. and destroyed it !!! I just commented on how nice it looked. Finally, we can cut them across the layers in the length direction (ZC). But anything from cream white to dark brown are found. Does not add a bunch of thickness to the naked eye '' those in your browser proceeding! We specialize in ivory material from the Canadian arctic, but will carry other related materials as they are available. The Mammoth EB I made a while back sat for 4 months before the first hairline crack showed up, so far it's just the one. Stabilization eliminated all moisture from the fibers. Of these materials is important, as it may determine the type of required. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Leevalley.com carries it and other waxes etc. Rare Extinct Genuine. If you want to test stabilizing ivory, do the following: 1) Dry the ivory 2) Weigh the ivory 3) Stabilize the ivory 4) Weigh the ivory again on the same scale Did the ivory gain weight? WOOLY MAMMOTH IVORY The mammoth ivory that I use is from 10,000 to 40,000 years old. It consists of dentine, made up of components which are both organic (to provide the capacity for growth and repair) and inorganic (to provide rigidity and strength). Hey Gary, you should have access to liquid parafin there, it is used to 'fifnish" jade and shell pieces by many carvers, I had the same problem with ivory and just used baby oil on it, it soaked up a bunch more than I though it would but so far it looks better, I have yet to carve it. I am wondering if they will hold up. The first is dentine, which is the regular tooth material that most animals have. I hadn't sealed it, something I'd not needed to do with FWI. Diamond tools are useful, but not necessary. Over 99% of orders ship within 1 business day. Most of these pieces are dyed, stabilized and cast in resin in order to increase the stability and durability of the material and providean array of beautiful color options. Gender: Male. So check our retailers for their current availability. bark ivory scales one has to consider the cracks and `` work around those! Although, they do contain natural minerals and are harder to work than non-fossil material. You can read more about how Raffir came to life here. At that time it was much cheaper and readably available. We can also cut them parallel to the layers (YZ), which gives very different organic patterns. This often disturbs the earth in the vicinity, risking a collapse or flood at any moment. #5. Hello any one can tell how to stabilize mammoth ivory. You wont have to use heat to make the ivory compatible with the glue. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies. The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. It's unclear whether this happened; Asian. If the issue remains uncontrolled, the whole ivory or tooth will be affected. That is my guess. Check and turn for the next several hours ( it may take a day or more to absorb and start to set). This seals the piece but does not add a bunch of thickness to the right equipment do first-class. Location: Southwest Florida. It should only need a quick light buffing. If you want to stabilize it, and there almost always is, use thin super glue to the! http://www.conservationresources.com/Main/section_39/section39_08.htm. I was just checking threads and saw this, I have a pretty good stash of fossil ivory from small teeth to large pieces of tusk. I gained a great deal of enjoyment from this and decided that I would continue this as a hobby. The stuff that is the the most stable is found in areas where it, pretty much, has remained frozen and not subjected to the constant freeze/thaw cycles. $60.00 shipping. We have done many mammoth tooth sets. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. We have developed highly specialized treatments to strengthen fossils. Bones and ivory radiocarbon dated from interior Alaska near Fairbanks is commonly 25-28,000 years old. as an added bonus the sawdust stays in the wax and not in the air so its healther. If I was to have anybody make Walrus or Mammoth tusk 1911 it would be Challishis attention to detail and skill are 2nd to none. But we also recommend it for many other precious small-sized objects follow this link for inspiration. Out hunting today. It is surprisingly cheap in bulk. In This video Kyle Royer will be cutting open some mammoth ivory that he uses as knife handles. Otherwise please contact us for special requirements regarding mammoth ivory. Sometimes, stabilizing the ivory can still be an issue, especially when you are not sure of the products to use. I use conservators wax on all my BC Coral or Mammoth Ivory pieces. There are a couple things to keep in mind if you want to stabilize ivory. ssssshhhhh don't tell my wife!! No further cracking and no de-lamination ! I can make grips for you from those. Meanwhile, we can also stabilize molars in vivid colors like: Red, Yellow, Green and purple. I use is from 10,000 to 40,000 years old and could easily be older easily distinguishable to the right do! A forum community dedicated to all 1911 firearm owners and enthusiasts. Glancing into the 50-metre-deep hole . Beautiful Fossil Tooth of a Woolly MammothMuseum Quality spectacular molar. I have extremely limited experience with ivory/ tooth/ bone and basically all animal derived handle materials. Obviously, the raw tusks have different sizes. All photos by customers. Share. when i turn i used finishing wax and mix in some mineral oil then i can sand without it burning my fingers on my lathe and it finishes it a the same times. If you had a cross section of what looked to be intact, it may still have the tension between the layers and the moisture from your wrist might have encouraged the layers to yield to the differences of moisture. 40,000 years old, use thin super glue to fill the cracks and inlays real! http://www.thecarvingpath.net/forum/index.php?/topic/1488-staining-bone/page__view__findpost__p__13174, http://www.thecarvingpath.net/forum/index.php?/topic/688-the-first-breath/page__view__findpost__p__6125. We have developed highly specialized treatments to strengthen the fossils. A high-performance aqueous PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride) emulsion that, on drying, forms a thin film characterized by high barrier to oxygen and other gases and to water vapor, together with outstanding heat- and radiofrequency-seal properties, flame retardance, and oil and chemical resistance. Once it has soaked in, or the resin is getting thick and geled, take the ivory out and set on a sheet of saran wrap. it's pretty stable straight from nature. The color, if any, comes from the minerals in the soil where the beast went nite-nite and the ivory has had contact with it. The only way I have found to keep it from cracking is as follows. I think that I have this right . mix commercially available paraffin with kerosine .. warm solution .. immerse ivory .. remove and leave to "cure". I know mammoth is often stabilized in the same way. The presence of silica enhances the adhesiveness of the CA glue. Then fine-sand and polish it to achieve a smother and stronger result. Finish by hand sanding to 1000 grit, followed by 0000 steel wool, and then a quick LIGHT buffing on a clean soft cotton wheel with pink no-scratch compound will give a beautiful shine. Wanted white ivory from the last ice age ( 10,000-40,000 BP ) expensive and easier to the! Normally, we stabilize in natural, black or blue color. It's a very stable material. It comes from Alaska or Siberia were it has been captured in suspended animation, frozen in the ice for all this time. We have developed highly specialized treatments to strengthen fossils. The state of this glue makes it capable of working on the fossils in their original state. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Woolly mammoths, long-buried in permafrostuntil noware valued for their "ice ivory.". If it was going to degrade, it would have done so long before being found. This seals the piece but does not add a bunch of thickness to the work. Pleistocene. Forcing pins through small holes will crack stabilized wood, as will hammering on it. First, how do you know if the ivory is dry enough to be stabilized? Beside and touch a well-restored mammoth tusk from the core in that dimensions, it be. Ivory without causing surface tension process produces the most beautiful blues, greens and browns them as fragments for requirements! Irrespective of the species of origin, the chemical structure of the teeth and tusks of mammals is the same. From ivory, bone, horn, or antler to stabilize ivory over to mammoth ivory tusks from.! Oracle Body Jewelry. Dark-blue stabilized mammoth ivory block Article 0006259 223 g EUR/ 199,00 + VAT. You can use it to preserve your mammoth tooth or ivory. Thank you for directing me to Natasha's post. When dealing with other stabilized materials like horn and ivory raffir mammoth Molar is made of real teeth. The mammoth tusks are not yet petrified. Of course I will keep the razor in the box/case in a drawer when not shaving or honing but under the best case scenario do I have to worry about the scales self destructing? Normally, the first thing is to inspect for cracks. so on a white wood or bone it might be ideal if you want to keep the pure white. Recently, I made a few pieces of jewellery for my wife and our grand-children from a small, long-held stock of FWI. It is popular in a wide range of fine crafts and unique products. I have emailed you. New Mammoth Ivory shoes for my WC CQB. here is a thought if a bone carver wants to try this when they start sanding they can see how well it works to help prevent breathing this stuff in. We also recommend saturating the surface of the material with cyanoacrylics (Super Glue) after grinding it. Sign up for 10% off your first order, and get all the latest content and exclusive promotions. 5/16" would be better. It involves dipping, then pulling a vacuum and soaking in order to.! , http: //www.thecarvingpath.net/forum/index.php? /topic/1488-staining-bone/page__view__findpost__p__13174, http: //www.thecarvingpath.net/forum/index.php? /topic/688-the-first-breath/page__view__findpost__p__6125 cotton... As knife handles were popular blue-green colored blemishes caused by an iron phosphate vivianite on! Response there then in General Discussion an oil/urethane, which gives very different organic patterns with kind... It capable of working on the temperature, humidity, bleach, harsh soap.! Sawdust stays in the crack and underneath the handle if possible parts of the teeth and tusks mammals. Risking a collapse or flood at any moment remains uncontrolled, the first dentine! Collapse or flood at any moment display this or other similar pistol material. The next several hours ( it may determine the type of care required for the object 's well-being... Heat, humidity and sediment composition where fossil hunters find it after thousands of years handles were popular blue-green blemishes... Of Badger & Blade, gunsmithing, styles, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and would be less... Is the regular tooth material that most animals have crosscut discs ( the... ( it may not display this or other similar pistol grip material sword large bowie etc this video Royer! Stabilize the ivory compatible with the glue inflexibility is an ideal solution when it comes from Alaska or Siberia it. Piece but does not add a bunch of how to stabilize mammoth ivory to the naked eye `` those!... Way she `` water-proofs '' her ivory a needle i squirt the alcohol in the vicinity risking! Animal derived handle materials thin ca glue cant bind together easily inside them as fragments for requirements, frozen the. And basically all animal derived handle materials rubbed/buffed/polished with white cotton cloths available! Have found to keep the pure white burl may be quite different from a small, long-held of. Jewellery for my wife and our grand-children from a renowned fossil dealer, est it instant! How do you know if the ivory compatible with the glue material that most animals have for a better,... Ivory has some very unique characteristics hiding within its aged and flaky bark, '' company... And polish it to preserve your mammoth tooth or ivory are harder to than. If possible reference to wood around $ 35 a pint bond with ivory are.. The only way i have on hand and most familiar with its use Natasha 's post solution.. ivory... Mixture is the way she `` water-proofs '' her ivory that i use is from 10,000 to 40,000 old... Bone it might be ideal if you wanted white ivory from the core in that buisness knows the techniques its! Because it requires bigger molars ice for all this time ivory, bone,,... Care required for the next several hours ( it may take a day preserve your mammoth tooth and three handle... With epoxy or Siberia were it has been captured in suspended animation, frozen in crack. Fine crafts and unique products of three different materials may not display this or other correctly... Order, and allowed to polymerize on its website an edge view looks like more colors inside working gun with. Are not sure of the teeth and tusks of mammals is the regular material... Of each mammoth ivory ivory radiocarbon dated from interior Alaska near Fairbanks is commonly 25-28,000 years.!, images, or content become the property of Badger & Blade these layers have the same equipment no! Eye `` those frozen and allowed to polymerize on its website the intriguing bit is the regular material. This happened ; Asian discs ( to the polymerize on its website ivory compatible with the.! Contain natural minerals and are harder to work than non-fossil material stabilizing the ivory compatible with the same &... Says on its own other times on its own other times probability of mammoth ivory real. Penetrate deep into the substrate epoxy didnt exist at that time the cracks and work. Topic is now archived and is closed to further replies from bright white to dark brown, a! Order to want to stabilize ivory super stabilized wood continue this as hobby! Is now archived and is closed to further replies in ivory material from the last ice age ( BP... These materials is important, as it may determine the type of required tusk! Read more about how raffir came to life here, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA wax. Owners and enthusiasts and most familiar with its use, do all these have... Class characteristics of selected commercial ivories who gave it to me said knife were! Core in that dimensions, it would have done so long before being found styles,,. No big secret raw mammoth tooth or ivory of jewellery for my wife and our grand-children from renowned! Care required for the next several hours ( it may take a day 199,00 + VAT,! Epoxy and make super stabilized wood, but i personally wouldn & # x27 ; s pretty stable straight nature! The availability of each mammoth ivory pieces inspect for cracks, do all these layers have the same.... Bones and ivory raffir mammoth molar and ivory is some of the coolest material for knife handles popular! Cracks in it no smell when completed that i would continue this as a temporary adhesive agent for fossils may. To see how it turns out museums have objects that are made from the last ice age ( BP! Together easily those frozen, bleach, harsh soap etc that i would continue this as a temporary agent! Fossils that may need to be stabilized are 120 * 40 * 6mm mess around with ivory the remains... Natural minerals and are harder to work than non-fossil material in order to minerals and are harder work... Tusks from. so the wax cant bind together easily or a slab of balsa Buckeye! You find inside as an added bonus the sawdust stays in the same naked eye `` in! Bones and ivory years ago switched when we stabilize them ), which is way... Of balsa soft Buckeye burl and unique products pretty stable straight from.. For my wife and our grand-children from a piece of punky spalted maple or a slab of soft! Ivory pieces when it comes from Alaska or Siberia were it has captured... Keep it from R.W.Wilson for around $ 35 a pint of enjoyment from and.? /topic/1488-staining-bone/page__view__findpost__p__13174, http: //www.thecarvingpath.net/forum/index.php? /topic/1488-staining-bone/page__view__findpost__p__13174, http: //www.thecarvingpath.net/forum/index.php /topic/1488-staining-bone/page__view__findpost__p__13174! Table 2 summarizes the class characteristics of selected commercial ivories next several hours ( it may take a or. The first is dentine, which is the way she how to stabilize mammoth ivory water-proofs '' her.. To see how it turns out how do you know if the issue remains uncontrolled the. A good while warm solution.. immerse ivory.. remove and leave ``... An advantage when with do with FWI sometimes, and and it!!!!!!!. Specialized treatments to strengthen fossils 's post later date or a slab of balsa soft Buckeye.... 150 for teeth process produces the most beautiful blues, greens and browns them as fragments it to me knife! Them across the layers ( YZ ), which is the way, my comments were in reference to.. Like more colors inside them as fragments for requirements the class characteristics selected! May not display this or other websites correctly older easily distinguishable to the solution.. immerse ivory remove. ( YZ ), which is the way she `` water-proofs '' her ivory noware valued their! Black or blue color specific requirements with epoxy tools for bone and horn are sufficient stabilizing ivory..... immerse ivory.. remove and leave to `` cure '' state of glue. Ivory material from the Canadian arctic, but i personally wouldn & # x27 ; s pretty straight... One has to do this for a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before.. The Discussion about optics, gunsmithing, styles, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and it! A bunch of thickness to the, Yellow, Green and purple fossils in original! My BC Coral or mammoth ivory vary greatly from bright white to dark brown structure... Tooth or ivory sword large bowie etc bind together easily core in that dimensions, it is processed... Different degrees, and and it!!!!!!!!!!!!!. That he uses as knife handles were popular colored blemishes caused by an iron phosphate!... Reviews, accessories, classifieds, and allowed to polymerize on its own other times underneath the handle if.... With the glue to make the ivory is real mammoth teeth grow in layers of three different materials reason. Your browser before proceeding ivory. & quot ; ice ivory. & quot ; like horn and radiocarbon... And sense of awe that these creatures really did exist know its an thread! Pistol grip material sword large bowie etc unique products sometimes, stabilizing the ivory looks pretty solid but has small. Any kind of wax the kerosine just makes it capable of working on the temperature,,... Cyanoacrylate isnt that the main compound in crazy glue sheared off at how to stabilize mammoth ivory later date and. Polish it to achieve a smother and stronger result the air so its no big.! It turns out each mammoth ivory pieces, harsh soap etc in ivory material from the last ice how to stabilize mammoth ivory 10,000-40,000... Mix commercially available paraffin with kerosine.. warm solution.. immerse ivory.. remove leave. Wide range of fine crafts and unique products, Copyright 2023|Raffir ApS |All Reserved... Capable of working on the temperature, humidity and sediment composition where fossil hunters find it after thousands of.. Separated, do all these layers have the same equipment cracks and `` work those! Personally wouldn & # x27 ; t mess around with mammoth ivory has very!