This article is about the Greek goddess. Ceto - Goddess of the Water. But the Greek cult of Selene grew more and more prevalent towards the end of the Hellenistic period (32331 BCE). But she quite likes being glimpsed through the clouds and her coyness is somewhat . She was also well known for her many affairs with men and her love that possibly . H. G. Evelyn-White; cf. There are a few different versions of the myth. The later development of Selene as a goddess of insanity had a lasting impact on the medical beliefs of the pre-modern world. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. Sometimes this develops in later worship as they are identified with other deities or gods. Selene was the ancient Greek Titan goddess of the moon. Homeric Hymns 32.14ff, trans. [40][41] Furthermore, in Virgil's Aeneid, when Nisus calls upon Selene/the Moon, he addresses her as "daughter of Latona. In some versions of the story, the goddess abandoned her duty and left the night sky so she could be with the man she loved. Although Endymion slept for eternity, many sources said Selene continued to see him. Selenes chariot, unlike her brother Helios, usually only had two horses drawing it. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. Selene was said to have several consorts but the man that the goddess of the moon was most linked with was the mortal Endymion. [31] Mesomedes of Crete calls her (glauk, "silvery grey"). [64][65] Those who brought down the Moon were thought to bring ill fortune upon themselves, as evidenced by the proverb ("you are bringing down the Moon on yourself") said for those who caused self-inflicted evils; some witches supposedly avoided this fate by sacrificing their children or their eyeballs. Selene visited the sleeping Endymion where he lay alone in a cave everyday and had fifty daughters with him, the Menai, the personification of the Greek lunar months. 116, no. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene ( / slini /; Greek: pronounced [seln], meaning "Moon" [2]) is the personification of the Moon. Hesiod, Catalogue of Women frag. Selenes siblings and Selene herself carried on their fathers legacy by shining light from the heavens upon the earth. "[139] Roman philosopher Cicero connected Selene's Roman counterpart Luna's name to childbirth goddess Lucina's, both deriving from "light" (thus bringing the unborn child into the light). This claim has been takenby Plutarch at first, and subsequently by modern astronomersto mean that she could predict the time and general area where an eclipse of the Moon would occur. Selene the moon goddess was a minor figure in ancient Greek mythology. While her husbands team of horses usually consisted of four animals, Selenes chariot, like her light, was less powerful. Selene fought back the giant, locking horns with Typhon; afterwards, she carried many scars on her orb, reminiscent of their battle. Nyx is the goddess of the night and is thus associated with the new moon. According to Lucian, Selene had a rival for Endymions love named Myia. The Greek word for the moon was also the word used to delineate the months. Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.54ff; Pausanias, Description of Greece 5.1.4; Apollodorus, Library 1.7.5; cf. That the myths contained a considerable element of fiction was recognized by the more critical Greeks, such as the philosopher Plato in the 5th-4th century bce. In their stories, it is Diana, the Roman counterpart of Artemis, who falls in love with the beautiful mortal. [68] However, the first account of the story comes from the third-century BC Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes, which tells of Selene's "mad passion" and her visiting the "fair Endymion" in a cave on Mount Latmus:[69], And the Titanian goddess, the moon, rising from a far land, beheld her [Medea] as she fled distraught, and fiercely exulted over her, and thus spake to her own heart: [25], Two other sources also mention her hair. This was known as the Gigantomachy. Artemis has been commonly associated with Selene. fr. H. G. Evelyn-White. It was only later, when Selene began to be conflated with other lunar goddesses, that she was openly worshiped. Names of the Goddess. While other goddesses were associated with the night in more general terms, Selene was believed to be the embodiment of the moon herself. In later times, Selene was often associated with Artemis in the same way that her brother Helios was associated with Artemis brother Apollo. Selene was the Greek goddess of the moon. Along with presiding over dangerous sea creatures, Ceto produced her own set of frightening . So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. The legendary Greek poet, Museaus, a mortal, was also said to be the child of Selene from an unknown father. It was also believed to influence many aspects of their personal lives and even the actions of the gods. Given the tales about the Gigantomachy, it is also clear that the siblings worked well together and there do not seem to be any tales of rivalry or hatred between them, quite an unusual affair by the standards of the old Greek gods and goddesses. "Not I alone then stray to the Latmian cave, nor do I alone burn with love for fair Endymion; oft times with thoughts of love have I been driven away by thy crafty spells, in order that in the darkness of night thou mightest work thy sorcery at ease, even the deeds dear to thee. However, hers might not be a name that is quite as well-known. It is fascinating how the ancient Greeks saw the beautiful but solitary celestial body in the sky and proceeded to weave romantic tales about the goddess that was supposed to embody it. Updates? [132] At Athens, wineless offerings (nephalia) were made to Selene, along with other celestial gods, Selene's siblings Helios and Eos, and Aphrodite Ourania;[133] in Attica, it seems that Selene was identified with Aphrodite. Hesiod, Theogony 371ff; Apollodorus, Library 1.2.2; etc. She began to do this every night, leaving her chariot behind and making the sky dark with her absence. The ancient Greeks believed that a lunar eclipse was the work of a witch, particularly the witches of Thessaly. 2022 Wasai LLC. Plutarch, On the Face in the Moon 30, On Isis and Osiris 52; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.337; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 10.214, 44.70. It seems that Selene was not uninvolved in the twelve tasks of Heracles either. Here Pasipha is used as an epithet of Selene, instead of referring to the daughter of Helios and wife of Minos. Magical Goddess of the Silvery Moon. Kapach, Avi. Also known as Mene, she is traditionally the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun god Helios and the dawn goddess Eos. The people of Sparta claimed that Ares had been nursed by a nymph called Thero. Everything We Know About the Greek Goddess of Agriculture, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of, Interesting Facts about Athena: Greek Goddess of Knowledge. ", Sorrenti, Stefania, "Les reprsentations figures de Jupiter Dolichnien Rome," in, Thomas, Edmund. [5], Selenes moon chariotsimilar to the sun chariot of her brother Helios and the dawn chariot of her sister Eoswas probably her most distinctive and consistent attribute. Epimenides, in the theogony that was ascribed to him, also calls her lovely haired, perhaps due to the Homeric Hymns themselves. Her lunar sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak. She was the personification of the moon, but was also associated with lunar elements such as tides, months, and even lunacy. Selene was represented on the pedestal of the throne of Zeus at Olympia, riding on a horse or a mule; 12 and at Elis there was a statue of her with two horns. In other versions, Endymion was actually taken to Mount Olympus. There were still several goddesses who shared Selenes lunar domain, however. Selene leaving her chariot, Roman mosaic, Andalusia. She is the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun-god Helios, and Eos, goddess of the dawn. [119] Often a crescent moon rests on her brow, or the cusps of a crescent moon protrude, horn-like, from her head, or from behind her head or shoulders. She had two siblings, Helios and Eos. Although in most myths, the Horae appear to be triads born of Zeus and Themis, in this particular incarnation they were the daughters of Selene and Helios. In many cases it rested on her brow or jutted out on either side of her head like a crown or horns. Homeric Hymn 32.313, trans. 68 A75 D-K). Pandia (or Pandia Selene) may have personified the full moon,[130] and an Athenian festival, called the Pandia, usually considered to be a festival for Zeus,[131] was perhaps celebrated on the full moon and may have been associated with Selene. Attributes to the Byrgos Painter, ca. According to the Catalogue of Women, Endymion was the son of Aethlius (a son of Zeus), and Zeus granted him the right to choose when he would die. Mythopedia. Endymion [33] The Homeric Hymn to Helios follows this tradition: "Hyperion wedded glorious Euryphassa, his own sister, who bare him lovely children, rosy-armed Eos and rich-tressed Selene and tireless Helios",[34] with Euryphassa ("widely shining") probably being an epithet of Theia. [72] A scholiast on Apollonius says that, according to Epimenides, Endymion fell in love with Hera, and Zeus punished him with eternal sleep. There is no mention of Selene as a goddess in either the Iliad or the Odyssey of Homer,[22] while her only mention in Hesiod's Theogony is as the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, and sister of Helios and Eos. For other uses, see, Detail of Selene from a Roman sarcophagus, A winged Selene seems to be unique to this. Zeus slept with the human queen Alcmene, of which encounter Heracles was born. The ancient Greeks saw her as the actual representation of the moon. Whether by request or as punishment, Zeus put Endymion into an ageless sleep so he would remain eternally youthful beneath the night sky. Obbink, Dirk (2002), "'All Gods are True' in Epicurus" in, Obbink, Dirk (2011) "56. Though Selene was ultimately able to fight the creature off, the scars from their battle remained forever carved on the face of the moon. After these deaths, her brother appeared in a dream to their grieving mother and assured her that he and his sister would now transform into divine natures; and:[101], that which had formerly been called the "holy fire" in the heavens would be called by men Helius ("the sun") and that addressed as "men" would be called Selen ("the moon"). The moon, in the ancient world, was heavily associated with certain kinds of womanly issues, fertility, and healing. The name of the moon goddess is surrounded by accounts of the consorts she had and their children. The menstrual cycles were known as moon cycles in many cultures of the world, measured as they were by the monthly lunar calendar. (2022, December 7). In her later identification with Artemis, Selene came to be called Phoebe or Cynthia. Rheinisches Museum Fr Philologie, vol. The three siblings clearly worked in conjunction with one another, since their roles and duties are so intrinsically linked. Without Selene giving way to Eos, Helios could not bring the sun back to the world. They put Hyperion to the sword, and drowned Helios in the river Eridanus. According to Greek mythology, the moon goddess Selene was the daughter of two Titans (mythological giants) called Hyperion and Theia. Please like and share this article if you found it useful. Selene, the goddess of the moon, was the youngest of the three siblings. She was usually shown driving a chariot or riding sidesaddle on a horse, often with her brother beside her. Greek Mythology >> Galleries GALLERIES. Hecate and her followers, for example, asked Selene for her cooperation in their magic. In Greek, the word selene means light or shine or brightness for the moon goddess who sheds her light upon the world during the dark nights. She fell madly in love with him and asked Zeus to let him stay asleep forever, remaining eternally young and beautiful (in some traditions, it was Endymion himself who requested this unending sleep). [86] Additionally, on a rein guide for a chariot a goddess thought to be Selene with a crescent and veil over her head is depicted, who stands with Helios on a gate tower and tries to repel the attacks of snake-legged Giants. According to Nonnus, Typhoeus battled Selene by chucking bulls at her, then violently rushing her. In some stories, Selene herself entreated Zeus to save her lover from the ravages of old age that would come for him as a mortal. "[2][150][151], The ancient Greeks called Monday "day of the Moon" ( ) after her. If you have read Greek mythology and the famous epics of ancient Greece, you may be quite familiar with her brother Helios. The most famous story of Selene, however, concerns her love for a mortal man. Modern audiences do not often think about Selenes cyclical nature, however. [149][150] In addition, a type of flat, round moon-shaped cake was called 'selene' ("moon") and was offered "to the goddess. Selene was, while not worshiped openly, apparently the object of many spells and invocations addressed to her by young women. To cite this article in an academic-style article or paper, use: Rittika Dhar, "Selene: The Titan and Greek Goddess of the Moon", History Cooperative, September 20, 2022, https://historycooperative.org/selene-greek-goddess-of-the-moon/. The cave in Anatolia where Endymion was said to sleep became a holy place for Selene. 500450 BCE. [123], Moon figures are found on Cretan rings and gems (perhaps indicating a Minoan moon cult), but apart from the role played by the moon itself in magic, folklore, and poetry, and despite the later worship of the Phrygian moon-god Men, there was relatively little worship of Selene. This includes mythical sea monsters, whales, sharks, dragons, and venomous animals. Her sister Eos was the light of dawn and their brother Helios drew the chariot of the sun across the sky each day. [79] While Quintus Smyrnaeus wrote that, while Endymion slept in his cave beside his cattle: and slid from heaven to earth; for passionate love, drew down the immortal stainless Queen of Night. Moon gods and goddesses have existed in all ancient pantheistic cultures for a very long time. She was frequently distinguished by a crescent moon over her head (or occasionally a lunar disk).[9]. [85][86] Selene gallops sidesaddle in advance, and wears a woolen undergarment and a mantle. In Greek mythology, Selene was the Titan goddess of the moon. In Dionysica, Selene promises the god that she will work with him to punish his enemies with fits of insanity. Another myth describes how Selene held her own against the monster Typhoeus when he attacked the gods. The Story of Selene. Selene could still see her sleeping love whenever she pleased, but the pressures of time and mortality were taken off her. Pandia Usually said to be the daughter of Selene and Zeus, Pandia was also sometimes given as another name for Selene herself. Having risen to power in the generation of Zeus, they were universally revered and worshiped. Though Selene had many consorts, the most famous of them was Endymion, a handsome young mortal. This is at times accompanied by stars to depict the night sky, but the crescent moon was perhaps the most recognizable of Selenes symbols. According to the Homeric Hymn 32, Selene and Zeus together had a daughter named Pandia. Selene, the goddess of the moon, has two siblings: Eos, the goddess of the dawn, and Helios, the sun god. Kapach, A. The other gods, angered, sent him two lions to tear him apart. [116] Pausanias also reports seeing stone images of Helios, and Selene, in the market-place at Elea, with rays projecting from the head of Helios, and horns from the head of Selene. Endymion was, depending on the source, a prince in exile or a simple shepherd. The talkative Myia would sit with Endymion as he slept his eternal sleep, chattering endlesslyso much so that Endymion eventually woke up. Selene detail from a sarcophagus, imperial period. Lilaeon. Francoise Gury, Selene/Luna, in Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Zurich: Artemis, 1994), 7:70615. The story about the two says that Selene saw the mortal shepherd king Endymion, whom Zeus had cursed to an eternal sleep, and fell so in love with him that she wanted to spend eternity at the side of the human. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. Zeus put Endymion into an eternal sleep so the goddess could see him forever as a beautiful young man. Selene, one of the younger generation of Titans, was also the Greek goddess of the moon. They brought night and day, shed light on the earth, were responsible for the turning of the months, and facilitated agriculture. [108], In antiquity, artistic representations of Selene/Luna included sculptural reliefs, vase paintings, coins, and gems. The most enduring story of Selene concerns the love she felt for an ordinary human man. Is the Mother of Castor and Pollux a Goddess? Goddess Selene is often portrayed in art and in myths generally, riding a chariot across the sky. The first mention of the moon goddess in Greek mythology was probably in the Homeric Hymns. Selene is reputed to have had romantic relationships with her cousin Zeus as well and they had at least three daughters together, if not more children. The idea that Selene would also give easy labours to women paved way for identification with Hera and the Roman Juno and Lucina, three other childbirth goddesses; Plutarch calls Selene "Hera in material form. When Gaia heard of a prophecy that a mortal would help the gods to defeat the giants, she sought to find a herb that would make them undefeatable. Festivals and feasts were determined by the lunar calendar, giving Selene as Mene an important role in the worship of all the gods and goddesses. [125] An oracular sanctuary existed near Thalamai in Laconia. Both Epimenides and the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras seem to use the exact words fell from the moon while speaking of the savage Lion of Nemea, Epimenides again using the words fair tressed Selene.. 573 Bernab. What are Hades Powers that are Really Scary? The History of Guns, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, Descriptions of Selene, Goddess of the Moon, Greek Myths featuring the Moon Goddess Selene, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? As the goddess of the division of the months, Selene was a goddess of time. She was descended . According to Hesiod's Theogony, her parents were the Titans Hyperion and Theia; her brother was Helios, the sun god (sometimes called her father); her sister was Eos (Dawn). The myth of Selene claims that this goddess had several lovers, both divine and mortal. 199; Strabo, Geography 14.1.8; Catullus, Odes 66.5; Propertius, Elegies 2.15; Ovid, Heroides 15.89ff, 18.59ff; Seneca, Phaedra 309ff; Hyginus, Fabulae 271; Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 8.28ff; Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods 19; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2.325ff, 4.195ff, 7.237ff, and passim; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.125ff; etc. 527532; Shear, pp. Helios was one of the Titans, son of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Eos (the Dawn) and Selene (the Moon ). While not traditionally moon goddesses, those like Isis and Nyx have associations with or are connected to the moon in various ways. Pandia was the personification of the full moon and may have originally been another name for Selene before the myths made her the daughter of Selene and Zeus. Accessed on 27 Feb. 2023. Selene also has a chemical element named after her, Selenium. The moon was also believed to bring the night dew that nourished the plants and to bring sleep and rest to humankind. in, Palagia, Olga (2005), "Fire from Heaven: Pediments and Akroteria of the Parthenon" in, Parisinou, Eva, "Brightness personified: light and devine image in ancient Greece" in, Robertson, Noel (1996), "Athena's Shrines and Festivals" in, Savignoni L. 1899. This was common for many of the younger generation Titans who did not fight alongside their fathers and aunts and uncles against Zeus. 245 M-W; Pherecydes, FHG 1 frag. Some nymphs in Greek mythology were famous, but others were only known in a certain time Apollo: The God of Music, Poetry, and Light, Hecate Greek Goddess of Witchcraft : The Complete Guide. Glimpsed through the clouds and her followers, for example, asked Selene for her many affairs men... Called Thero is somewhat a winged Selene seems to be the child Selene... Said to be conflated with other deities or gods off her poet Museaus. 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