Conversely, it was praised as one of the most professional policing operations in the world by British security forces. The severe pressure on the RUC and the perceived partiality of the B-Specials led, during the Northern Ireland riots of August 1969, to the British Army being called in to support the civil administration under Operation Banner. The service was attended by a number of Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) politicians including former Assembly speaker Lord Hay, East Londonderry MP Gregory Campbell and the Mayor of Derry Graham Warke. Two Protestant civilians were shot dead by the British Army during rioting. Events in Belfast have been viewed by some as apogromagainst the Catholic and nationalist minority.[1][2]. The RUC used Shorlands mounted with Browning heavy machine-guns during the riots, On 14 August, many Catholics and Protestants living on the edge of their ghettos fled their homes for safety. ; 1972. unless otherwise stated. [53] However, IRA veterans of the time, who spoke to authors Brian Hanley and Scott Millar disputed this interpretation. Saturday 11 October 1969 First RUC Officer Killed Victor Arbuckle (aged 29), a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), was shot dead by Loyalists during street disturbances on the Shankill Road in Belfast. In the period from the formation of the RUC up to 1969, an additional 70 officers. A nine-year-old boy, Patrick Rooney, was killed by machine-gun fire as he lay in bed in one of the flats. Killed by: Protestant Action Group (PAG)Shot as he walked to work along Brougham Street, New Lodge, Belfast. Unclassified cookies are cookies that we are in the process of classifying, together with the providers of individual cookies. Create an email alert based on the current article, The Explainer is a weekly podcast from TheJournal.ie that takes a deeper look at one big news story you need to know about. Some of these led to attacks by loyalists working alongside the police. The RUC was established in 1922, 18 years before Britain's most prestigious civilian honour, the George Cross, was instituted. The eldest of the officers, Robert Lockhart (44), also from Armagh, was an even newer recruit, having joined in November. The Scarman Inquiry, set up by the British government to investigate the causes of the riots, concluded: Undoubtedly there was an IRA influence at work in the DCDA (Derry Citizens Defence Association) in Londonderry, in the Ardoyne and Falls Road areas of Belfast, and in Newry. TheBritish Armywasdeployedto restore order and state control, andpeace linesbegan to be built to separate the two sides. RUC officer referred for 1976 murder of brothers in County Armagh Referral to prosecutors comes as UK told plan to end Troubles prosecutions 'could breach international law' Eugene Reavey (far. [17] The report argued that the RUC were under-strength, poorly led and that their conduct in the riots was explained by their perception that they were dealing with a co-ordinated IRA uprising. The RUC was renamed and reformed as thePolice Service of Northern Ireland(PSNI) in 2001 under thePolice (Northern Ireland) Act 2000. The disorder led to theBattle of the Bogsidein Londonderry, a three-day riot in theBogsidedistrict between the RUC and the nationalist/Catholic residents. The civil rights movement called for: one man, one vote; the end to gerrymandered electoral boundaries; the end to discrimination in employment and in the allocation of public housing; repeal of the Special Powers Act (which was used to intern both constitutional nationalist and republican activists); and the disbanding of the Ulster Special Constabulary (more commonly known as the B-Specials, an overwhelmingly Protestant reserve police force which was known for police brutality toward Catholics).[6]. [46] Weir alleged that senior officers, including Chief Superintendent Harry Breen, were aware of and approved of their activity. "The night he was shot, I got the news, I couldn't believe it. Shot at his home, during nearby street disturbances, St Brendans Path, Divis Flats, Belfast. Carlin added: I fully acknowledge the deep disappointment felt today by three families who have lived for many decades with the loss of their loved one in very painful circumstances. It was the highest death toll inflicted on the RUC in its entire history. Journal Media does not control and is not responsible for user created content, posts, comments, Status: Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). They were two of 302 members of the constabulary killed between 1969 and 1998. The gang got out of a passing car as the man walked home and hit him several times with a hammer and stabbed him in the arm. [49] This perception discredited the police in the eyes of many nationalists and later allowed the IRA to effectively take over policing in nationalist areas. The review was published in September 1999. The law states that we can store cookies on your device if they are strictly necessary for the operation of this site. A pipe-bomb was thrown at the home of a Catholic family in the Twinbrook area of west Belfast. It was followed by all too many more days of tragedy. It is clear, also, that the Irish Government can no longer stand by and see innocent people injured and perhaps worse. First RUC Officer Killed Victor Arbuckle (aged 29), a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), was shot dead by Loyalists during street disturbances on the Shankill Road in Belfast. RUC officer Noel Webb was one of four killed in the blast. A BROTHER of the first child killed during the Troubles has told of his family's disappointment after a decision was taken not to prosecute anyone in . Feedback on RUC officers will not face prosecution over case of first child killed in the Troubles. [21], That evening, a nationalist crowd marched to Hastings Street RUC station, which they began to attack with stones for a second night. Later, as it became clear that Constable Arbuckle's death was not an aberration but the first of many murders of RUC members, she would help to found a police widows' support group. 11 August 1970 - Samuel Donaldson (23) and Robert Millar (26), both Protestant members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), were killed by a Provisional Irish Republican Army booby trap bomb attached to a car, near Crossmaglen. Its leader Billy McMillen and 19 other republicans were arrested by the RUC early on 15 August under the Special Powers Act. [34], Rioting in Ardoyne, north of the city centre, began in the evening near Holy Cross Catholic church. The Police Ombudsman carried out an investigation into the deaths which in 2018 resulted in two former RUC officers being reported to the Public Prosecution Service (PPS) over the deaths of Patrick Rooney and Hugh McCabe. Con David Montgomery, 20, and Sgt Peter Gilgunn, 26, were killed in an IRA gun attack. [27][28], On 11 October 1969, Constable Victor Arbuckle was shot dead by loyalists on Belfast's Shankill Road during serious rioting in protest at the recommendations of the Hunt Report. Protestant Connla Young. Mandelson Appointed Secretary of Sate Marjorie (Mo) Mowlam (Dr), then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, who had been in post since 3 May 1997 was replaced in a Cabinet reshuffle by Peter Mandelson. In two of these cases, those relating to the deaths of Hugh McCabe and Patrick Rooney, it was concluded that there is no reasonable prospect of conviction for any offence in respect of the two former RUC officers reported, she said. On 18 April 2003 as part of the third report into collusion between Ulster loyalist paramilitaries, RUC, and British Army, Sir John Stevens published an Overview and Recommendations document (Stevens 3). Two were Protestant civilians (George Dickie and Herbert Hawe) shot by the British Army and one was an RUC officer (Victor Arbuckle) shot by the UVF. Ann Ogilbys brutal murder: Forgotten victims of the Troubles, Thursday 14 August and early hours of Friday 15 August, FallsShankill interface near Divis Tower, FallsShankill interface near Clonard Monastery, Statistical breakdown of deaths in the Troubles of Northern Ireland 1969 2001, Irish National Liberation Army ( I.N.L.A ), Irish Republican Army. [20][21], The high level of civil unrest led to an exhaustive inquiry into the disturbances in Northern Ireland carried out by Lord Scarman, which produced a report in 1972. Jul 30th 2020, 3:36 PM. A service has been held in Londonderry in memory of two RUC officers murdered by the IRA fifty years ago. [55], Cathal Goulding, the IRA Chief of Staff, sent small units from Dublin, Cork and Kerry to border counties of Donegal, Leitrim and Monaghan, with orders to attack RUC posts in Northern Ireland and draw off pressure from Belfast and Derry. sign, Get the day's headlines delivered directly to your inbox, New Brexit deal does not strengthen Northern Ireland's place in UK says former attorney general John Larkin, Police treat fire which damaged 11 vehicles in Newtownards as deliberate, Sir Keir Starmer to launch Mo Mowlam tribute in Derry, Warning over surge in vehicles without an MOT as drivers cannot afford tests', Delay to pensions dashboards timetable is a huge let down for consumers', How common prescription pills could make your dental implants fall out, 8 key spring/summer fashion trends to know about now, GB bus operator increases Wrightbus electric order to 310 vehicles, Glanbia to sell share of Magheralin cheese factory to US partner Leprino, "There's always time for Supergrass in the future." Three people were shot dead during street violence in the loyalist Shankill area of Belfast. In January 1981, Patrick Joseph Traynor (27) from Crossmaglen was found guilty of the four murders and a range of other charges. Irish sport images provided by Inpho Photography This led to accusations of a shoot-to-kill policy by the RUC. Witnesses later said they had seen police batoning a figure in the doorway where McCloskey was found, although police claimed that he had been unconscious before the baton charge and may have been hit with a stone. Killed by:British Army (BA) The two highest-ranking RUC officers to be killed during "the Troubles" were Chief Superintendent Harry Breen and Superintendent Robert Buchanan, who were ambushed by the Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade outside Jonesborough, County Armagh, on 20 March 1989. That sense that his death was almost a freak accident is a hallmark of the time - nobody realised that it was in fact the start of what was to become `the long war'. Officers routinely carried submachine guns and assault rifles, travelled in armoured vehicles, and were based in heavily-fortified police stations. This site uses different types of cookies. Shot during street disturbances, Bombay Street, Falls, Belfast. Many of these Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association protests were banned or truncated by the government of Northern Ireland. Journal Media does not control and is not responsible Francis McCloskey, a 67-year-old Catholic civilian, had been found unconscious on 13 July near the Dungiven Orange Hall following a police baton charge against a crowd who had been throwing stones at the hall. For the RUC it was the "worst single tragedy" it had experienced, with the officers' bodies so badly mutilated they could only be identified by dental records and fingerprints. Francis OReilly (30) Catholic. It was founded on 1 June 1922 as a successor to the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC)[2] following the partition of Ireland. Spears in February 1923. 10People lost their lives on the11th October between 1969 1996, Killed by: British Army (BA)Shot during street disturbances, at the corner of Shankill Road and Downing Street, Belfast. It had been, reluctantly compelled into action by Orange murder gangs and warned the British Army that if it, was used to supress [sic] the legitimate demands of the people they will have to take the consequences and urged the Irish government to send the Irish Army over the border. The RUC, in trying to disperse the nationalist crowd, drove them back into the nationalist Bogside area and then tried to enter the area themselves. "He called in with us the night before he was shot. "Walter Mitty" life of Littlejohn brothers", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Troubles_in_Crossmaglen&oldid=1132130638, All Wikipedia articles written in Hiberno-English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 11 August 1970 - Samuel Donaldson (23) and Robert Millar (26), both, 16 July 1972 - James Lee (25) and Terence Graham (24), both members of the, 18 September 1972 - Edmund Woolsey (32), a Catholic civilian, was killed by a booby trap attached to his car, while two of his friends were injured. You can pre-order via https://t.co/eBRpwrw1mr pic.twitter.com/Ctxp1NUD7a, Key Events & Deaths on this day in Northern Ireland Troubles. Killed by: Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) "It is a humbling experience for me to acknowledge that, as in the case of the people of Malta, the collective courage and sacrifice of the men and women of the Royal Ulster Constabulary has been recognised in this most meaningful and public way by her majesty," said the RUC Chief Constable, Sir Ronnie Flanagan, yesterday. Northern Ireland subsequently came under direct rule from Westminster with its own Secretary of State, who had overall responsibility for security policy. from 1943 to 1945, he was Director of Public Safety and Director of Security in the military government of Allied-occupied Italy. . [9], At Leeson Street, roughly halfway between the clashes at Springfield and Hastings Street RUC bases, an RUC Humber armoured car was attacked with a hand grenade and rifle fire. The polarised political climate in Northern Ireland resulted in violence from both sides of the political and sectarian divide. ProtestantStatus: Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). Died one month after being injured by blast bomb, thrown during street disturbances, Charles Street, Portadown, County Armagh. Content copyright Journal Media Ltd. 2023 Registered in Dublin, registration number: The Special Patrol Group was formed in the late 1960s as the Police Reserve Force. Killing Rage The life and death of Eamon Collins. [8] He and another had been on the roof of the Whitehall building (which was part of the Divis complex) and were pulling a wounded man to safety. Victor Arbuckle First of over 300 brave RUC Officers Killedduring the Troubles. An old friend from Omagh, an ex-member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) the predecessor of the Police Service of Northern Ireland called me on [27], In March 1972, the Government of Northern Ireland resigned and the parliament was prorogued. August 2nd: Two RUC officers are killed by a Provisional IRA land mine while on patrol near Loughmacrory, County Tyrone. Witnesses later said they had seen police batoning a figure in the doorway where McCloskey was found, although police claimed that he had been unconscious before the baton charge and may have been hit with a stone. And northern nationalists, although they had a roof over their heads, seemed to us as if they meant to burn the house down[35]. 1970. They knew that if the men werent there, the area wouldnt have been defended.[54], At the time, the IRA released a statement on 18 August, saying, it had been, in action in Belfast and Derry and fully equipped units had been sent to the border. Tipperary Tim(foaled 1918) was an IrishThoroughbredracehorse that won the1928 Grand National. In his study, From Civil Rights to Armalites, nationalist author Niall Dochartaigh argues that the actions of the RUC and USC were the key factor in the worsening of the conflict. Killed by: British Army (BA) 'Arbuckle was the first RUC officer to be killed in the Troubles. At its peak the force had around 8,500 officers, with a further 4,500 who were members of the RUC Reserve. Awards for gallantry for individual officers since 1969 included 16 George Medals, 103 Queen's Gallantry Medals, 111 Queen's Commendations for Bravery and 69 Queen's Police Medals.[53]. [20] Their orders at the outset were to, disperse people trying to burn houses, but under no circumstances to take life. McMillen also authorised members of the Fianna (IRA youth wing) to petrol bomb the Springfield Road RUC base. Change). Those officers issued with a firearm authorisation card must complete a weapon training course and earn a certificate of competency. Killed by: Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Died three months after being badly beaten in his home, William Street, Bogside, Derry. In fact, it was undisturbed throughout the riots. The Scarman Inquiry found that the RUC were seriously at fault on at least six occasions during the rioting. First RUC Officer Killed Victor Arbuckle (aged 29), a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), was shot dead by Loyalists during street disturbances on the Shankill Road in Belfast. ], James Prior, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, said that he would resign his post if the inquiry into the Maze prison escape on 25 September 1983 found that his policies had been responsible. Killed by: non-specific Republican group (REP) To order a copy from Belfast Books please use this link : A Belfast Child or see Tweet below. posts, comments and submissions available. Following the awarding of theGeorge Crossin 2000, its formal title became theRoyal Ulster Constabulary, GC. This action, and the RUCs subsequent entry into the Bogside, led to serious rioting in Derry. [17] The Scarman Report found that an RUC armoured vehicle was nearby when Brookfield Street was set alight, but made no move. The actions of the RUC in the August 1969 riots are perhaps the most contentious issue arising out of the disturbances. [45], The Good Friday Agreement (GFA) of 1998 produced a wholesale reorganisation of inter-community, governmental and policing systems, including a power-sharing executive. Analytics cookies help website owners to understand how visitors interact with websites by collecting and reporting information anonymously. As a result, representation of Catholics in the RUC never exceeded 20%. [10], On the night of 12 August, bands of Apprentice Boys arrived back in Belfast after taking part in the Derry march. There were also strong suggestions that police knew when loyalist attacks were to happen and seemed to disappear from some Catholic areas shortly before loyalist mobs attacked. [40] At 12:25 that afternoon, the Northern Ireland cabinet finally sent a request for military aid to the Home Office in London. UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle. The intervening years saw the slaughter increase substantially and 1972 was by far the worse year for deaths with an incredible 480murders on the streets of Northern Ireland and mainland Britain. In August 1970, two young constables, Donaldson and Millar, died when an abandoned car they were examining near the strongly republican town of Crossmaglen exploded. Killed by: non-specific Loyalist group (LOY)Died two weeks after being shot while in shop, Manor Street, Lower Oldpark, Belfast. The first deaths of the Troubles occurred in July 1969. The most bloody rioting was in Belfast, where seven people were killed and hundreds more wounded. [17], On 14 August riots continued in Dungannon, Armagh and Newry. [47] Stevens' intention was to make recommendations which arose from serious shortcomings he had identified in all three Inquiries. [7], This is not the agitation of a minority seeking by lawful means the assertion of political rights. 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