He was a bad man who hunted and killed both animals and men. rod nim-rd Synonyms of Nimrod 1 : a descendant of Ham represented in Genesis as a mighty hunter and a king of Shinar 2 not capitalized : hunter 3 not capitalized slang : idiot, jerk Did you know? In some versions, Nimrod has his subjects gather wood for four whole years, so as to burn Abraham in the biggest bonfire the world had ever seen. Period . Genesis 5:31. Sorry I do NOT accept this false story. [Then] they took him and threw him into the furnace, and his belly opened and he died and predeceased Terach, his father. GOD is the GOD of the living, not the GOD of the dead. I do not go to Google or any other search engine for answers, I go to my Bible! 1. We will certainly do everything we said we would: We will burn incense to the Queen of Heavenand will pour out drink offerings to her just as we and our ancestors, our kings, and our officials did in the towns of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem (Jeremiah 44:15-19, emphasis added). The following version of the confrontation between Abraham and Nimrod appears in the Midrash Rabba, a major compilation of Jewish Scriptural exegesis. There is a very brief mention of Nimrod in the Book of Mormon: "(and the name of the valley was Nimrod, being called after the mighty hunter)". Nimrod was called Ninus by the Greeks and he became the King over the land of Shinar (Mesopotamia) during the early Bronze Age. Yet when the fire is lit, Abraham walks out unscathed. The beginning of his kingdom is said in the Genesis passage to be Babel, Erech, and Akkad in the land of Shinar. God's Masterplan For The Jews 12. Orion, though not a god, is a giant and a hunter. [citation needed], The story attributes to Abraham elements from the story of Moses' birth (the cruel king killing innocent babies, with the midwives ordered to kill them) and from the careers of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego who emerged unscathed from the fire. 7 And Nimrod and two of his men that were with him came to the place where they were, when Esau started suddenly from his lurking place, and drew his sword, and hastened and ran to Nimrod and cut off . [10] Versions of this story are again picked up in later works such as Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius (7th century AD). Once the flood waters had receded, God commanded Noah's family, specifically his sons and their wives, to multiply and repopulate the earth. He was also associated with Cush and Amraphel. In the Hungarian legend of the Enchanted Stag (more commonly known as the White Stag [Fehr Szarvas] or Silver Stag), King Nimrd (Mnrt), often described as "Nimrd the Giant" or "the giant Nimrd", descendant of Noah, is the first person referred to as forefather of the Hungarians. His skills and prowess as a great hunter with a bow and arrow was recognized, even by God. King Ninus or Nimrod. In the Old Testament Nimrod is a renowned hunter, the great-grandson of Noah. Cush fathered Nimrod; he was the first on earth to be a mighty man. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 23:40. In addition to being the first man to use violence and aggressive force against other people, Nimrod may have been trying to elevate himself above honourable men like Noah and the almighty God. Nimrod was a great grandson of Noah, grandson of Ham, and son of Cush. The name of the guy is Agog which happens to be the base of the Byzantine Empire that ravaged earth and true believers for over 1000 years. : , ? While her name may seem unfamiliar, her story has been told and retold throughout the centuries. See the book of 1 Samuel to find examples. A notable example is "Quando el Rey Nimrod" ("When King Nimrod"), one of the most well-known folksongs in Ladino (the Judeo-Spanish language), apparently written during the reign of King Alfonso X of Castile. Awesome accuracy friend let the offended fend for themselves. The nickname was a joke, and Tressell intended to mock the foreman. It's easy to do. Citing examples of God's power, he asks: "Has He not, in past days, caused Abraham, in spite of His seeming helplessness, to triumph over the forces of Nimrod? In 1914, Tressell called a foreman by the name of Nimrod, a play on the foremans surname. However, this traditional identification of the cities built by Nimrod in Genesis is no longer accepted by modern scholars, who consider them to be located in Sumer, not Syria. It was a major Assyrian city between approximately 1350 BC and 610 BC. The six sons of Cush, Ham's oldest, are Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, Sabtecha and the notorious Nimrod. Updates? The structurea tower made from man-made building materialswould be a symbol of their power and self-sufficiency, and some historians believe that Nimrod had an additional motive for wanting to build the tower of Babel. Quick Answer - Missional Manifesto","datePublished":"2022-01-08T10:25:47+00:00","dateModified":"2022-01-08T10:25:47+00:00","articleSection":"What","author":{"@id":"https://www.missionalmanifesto.net/author/jspaul/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.missionalmanifesto.net/#person"},"description":"How Did Nimrod Die in the Bible? Lucas van Valckenborch: The tower of Babel (1568) The Bible develops a very prominent and notorious character named Nimrod. Join in and write your own page! He also rebelled against God and tried to establish an autocratic and despotic government. Nimrod the mighty hunter was one of the sons of Kush. Nimrod is said to have then built Nineveh, Calah (modern Nimrd), Rehoboth-Ir, and Resen. Joseph Poplicha wrote in 1929 about the identification of Nimrod in the first dynasty or Uruk.[48]. He was the grandson of Ham, the son of Noah, a bold man, and of great strength of hand. Parts of Nimrods biblical history mesh well with the narrative that Semiramis may have been his wife. Later influence modified the legend in the Mesopotamian tradition, adding such details as the hero's name, his territory and some of his deeds, and most important his title, "King of Kish". The Jews 40 Desert Years 14. Who was Nimrods wife? Nimrod, the son of Kush, grandson of Ham, and great-grandson of Noah, is mentioned on several place in the Bible, most explicitly in the "Table of Nations" in Genesis. He also gradually changed the government into tyranny, seeing no other way of turning men from the fear of God, but to bring them into a constant dependence on his power. [27][28], The Quran states, "Have you not considered him who had an argument with Abraham about his Lord, because God had given him the kingdom (i.e. Genesis 11:11-25. The Bible Story of Elijah The Life of Ruth - 5 Essential Faith Lessons The Bible Story of Queen EstherThe Greatest Villain - King NebuchadnezzarThe Bible Story of Mary Magdalene. Satan's . 17 And at the death of Nimrod his kingdom became divided into many divisions, and all those parts that Nimrod reigned over were restored to the respective kings of the land, who In Armenian legend, the ancestor of the Armenian people, Hayk, defeated Nimrod (sometimes equated with Bel) in a battle near Lake Van. Still elsewhere, he mentions another king Nimrod, son of Canaan, as the one who introduced astrology and attempted to kill Abraham. Nimrod's Origin Story "Only seven verses in the Bible mention anything about Nimrod. In modern North American English, the term "nimrod" is often used to mean a dimwitted or a stupid person, a usage perhaps first recorded in an 1836 letter from Robert E. Lee to a female friend. Noah and his descendants were the gods of the old world. Our theologians have answers to all your bible questions. {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https://www.missionalmanifesto.net/#person","name":"Akinyemi","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/akinyemiconsult@gmail.com"]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.missionalmanifesto.net/#website","url":"https://www.missionalmanifesto.net","name":"Akinyemi","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.missionalmanifesto.net/#person"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/fEZt5eF2Xo8","url":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/fEZt5eF2Xo8","width":"200","height":"200","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.missionalmanifesto.net/how-did-nimrod-die-in-the-bible/#webpage","url":"https://www.missionalmanifesto.net/how-did-nimrod-die-in-the-bible/","name":"How Did Nimrod Die in the Bible? : ! His empire was split between his own kings in his conquered lands. God even gave Nimrod a mighty bow to hunt them down with. Your email address will not be published. Psalm 90:10. That's right, read Enoch. Anyone offended by a story that counters their story should cry elsewhere. Nimrod the Hunter was a leader amongst men and a builder of cities, including Babel and Nineveh. View these maps of the Bible. And the Bible clearly states that nothing outside of Noah's Ark survived the flood. Beginning with the words: "When King Nimrod went out to the fields/ Looked at the heavens and at the stars/He saw a holy light in the Jewish quarter/A sign that Abraham, our father, was about to be born", the song gives a poetic account of the persecutions perpetrated by the cruel Nimrod and the miraculous birth and deeds of the savior Abraham. A well-known midrashic story pertaining to Abraham's early life concerns his miraculous deliverance from a fiery furnace, into which he was cast by Nimrod, the notorious Babylonian-Assyrian biblical figure. Ham himself became the father of the Canaanites, the Babylonians, the Phoenicians, the Cushites, and the Egyptians ( Genesis 10:6-20 ). But unfortunately, the goal they were working toward was steeped in arrogance and in direct opposition to Gods command to multiply and fill the earth (Genesis 9:1). Photo credit: iStock/Getty Images Plus/Peshkova. He was responsible for the separation of the people and created confusion by confusing the way they communicated. But, Nimrods ambitions were not in accordance with the will of God. 5 Things You Should Know about the ESV Bible Translation. We have compiled these articles to help you study those whom God chose to set before us as examples in His Word. Other versions have Nimrod give to Abraham, as a conciliatory gift, the giant slave Eliezer, whom some accounts describe as Nimrod's own son (the Bible also mentions Eliezer as Abraham's majordomo, though not making any connection between him and Nimrod). Even after Gods flood wiped out the majority of wickedness from the earth, the inherited seed of sin began to corrupt Noahs descendants. A baby born of an incestuous affair not cursed. Nimrod asked Terah to bring the newly born baby to the palace to be killed. Therefore it is said, "Like Nimrod a mighty hunter before the Lord ." The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. The dig site at Lake Delavan was overseen by Beloit College and it included more then 200 effigy mounds that proved to be classic examples of the 8th century Woodland culture. [47] Nibru, in the Sumerian language, was the original name of the city of Nippur. Previous to the flood, there had been giants and mighty men on the earth, and "also afterward" ( Genesis 6:4 ). [2] Later extra-biblical traditions identified Nimrod as the ruler who commissioned the construction of the Tower of Babel, which led to his reputation as a king who was rebellious against God. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Answer (1 of 8): Nimrod tried to build a huge tower that would 'reach the heavens', he also wanted to get revenge on God for the Great Flood which 'wiped out his forefathers'. He was a mighty hunter before the Lord." He was a mighty hunter before the Lord." The only other references to Nimrod in the Bible are Micah 5:6, where Assyria is called the land of Nimrod , and I Chronicles 1:10, which reiterates his might. [7] Flavius Josephus believed that it was likely under his direction that the building of Babel and its tower began; in addition to Josephus, this is also the view found in the Talmud (Chullin 89a, Pesahim 94b, Erubin 53a, Avodah Zarah 53b), and later midrash such as Genesis Rabba. i. Haran [Abraham's brother] was standing there. The Greek story of Orion's defeat by a scorpion could perhaps be adduced as a distant parallel of the Sumerian composition. The nickname Nimrod was once used in mockery by Robert Tressell. The Hebrew text states that he was . Nimrud is the name that Carsten Niebuhr (About 1762) attributed to the ancient Assyrian city of Kalhu (the Biblical Calah), located 30 kilometres (20 mi) south of the city of Mosulin the Nineveh plains in Upper Mesopotamia. The giants, nephilim hybrids and clones are all real, and Now, as Per the Most high, so those who say giants didn't survive, go ask The Almighty, because he showed me they exsist, and some are in suspended animation, because the Angels taught technology. If you are going to comment about what you know about the bible you must first read it. Nimrod is thus given attributes of two archetypal cruel and persecuting kings Nebuchadnezzar and Pharaoh. How? [46] The word Nibru in the East Semitic Akkadian language of Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia comes from a root meaning to 'pursue' or to make 'one flee', and as Rawlinson pointed out not only does this closely resemble Nimrod's name but it also perfectly fits the description of Nimrod in Genesis 10:9 as a great hunter. You people need to read your "BIBLES" more!!!!!!! Lee describes a "young nimrod from the West", who in declining an appointment to West Point expressed the concern that "I hope my country will not be endangered by my doing so. It's easy to do. However, Nimrod was not able to kill a giant with his mighty bow, so he blamed angels for the bad things that happened to mankind. : , - ' ', - ' '. The Bible also says that he ruled over all the peoples of earth. Some Jewish traditions say only that the two men met and had a discussion. The son of Cush and therefore a great-grandson of Noah, Nimrod was described as a king in the land of Shinar (Mesopotamia). This article is about the biblical king. But you've all got it so twisted. The truth is, like all legends, the stories of Semiramis have been exaggerated, changed, and expanded over thousands of years of oral tradition and interpretationso it would not be wise to base any cause or belief on information that contains so little substance. Over the years, Nimrod has done horrible things, including killing many X-Men heroes. "[citation needed]. Nimrod is mentioned in Genesis 10:812. The Bible states that he was "a mighty hunter before the Lord [and] began to be mighty in the earth". : . Both episodes were voiced by Mel Blanc and produced by Edward Selzer.[55]. The ancient historian Josephus quotes Nimrod as saying that he wanted revenge on God for flooding the earth and destroying his ancestors (Antiquities of the Jews, Book 1, Chapter 4). Ham was involved in a sordid family incident. Tradition has it that Nimrod died violently, which happens to many tyrants. The Nephilim were the offspring of the angels. He was a mighty hunter before the Lord.". Shes thefamous queenregent of the Assyrian Empire, who reigned from 811-806 BCE. During the 1,000 years following the Flood, however, the Bible records a progressive decline in the life span of the patriarchs, from Noah, who lived to be 950 years old, until Abraham at 175 (see figure 1 and table 2). Find out here. Every book written by man was to sell his version of mind control in the name of god. They were both power-hungry, godless, and rebelliouswhich would have made them a collective force for evil. It only took great teamwork and cooperation to stop him. From Adam to Nimrod History 4. Abraham said to him: Shall I then worship the water, which puts off the fire! Nimrod is sometimes referred to as a tyrant, but he was also a gifted hunter. MANY years passed. l.c. He ruled based on a competitive economic system. He had four sons: Cush, Put, Canaan, and Egypt. This would leave enough time for Nimrod to have been around with Abram. Reread your own books they all say judge not or what was that last part? Babel; Erech; Accad; Calneh; These places were located in Shinar, the area currently known as Iraq.As we can see on the following map, Shinar is very close to Africa.We should also note that before African territory was renamed . The description of Nimrod as a mighty hunter before the Lord is an intrusion in this context, but probably, like the historical notices, derived from some old Babylonian saga. 1000 years later, sin had so overtaken Gods creation that He decided to purge humanity with a worldwide floodsparing only one man, his family, and the animals. Nimrod is described in Genesis as "the first on earth to be a mighty man" and "a mighty hunter before the Lord." ( Ge 10:10) Therefore it was likely under his direction that the building of Babel and its tower began. A. Genesis 5:5,20,27,32. They felt they didnt need God to rule over themthey could rule themselves; they could reach the heavens on their own terms, with their own hands, by their own means. 3. The king of Nimrods kingdom, Semiramis, was later used by Satan to spread the evil doctrine that Nimrod was a spirit being. Therefore it is said, "A mighty hunter like Nimrod before the Lord". Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. There it is said that Nimrod "dreamed a dream" which his soothsayers interpreted as signifying the birth of a new star in heaven. He also rebelled against God and tried to establish an autocratic and despotic government. Nimrod WAS "A MIGHTY HUNTER BEFORE GOD. He was the founder of Babylon. God even gave Nimrod a mighty bow to hunt them down with.In those days the giants were considered as gods. Nimrod was so evil, it is said he married his own mother, whose name was Semiramis. She and her husband have five childrenthree who have already flown the coop and two adopted teens still roosting at homeplus two adorable grands who add immeasurable joy and laughter to the whole flock. "[50] Although Lee may have been sarcastically referring to the student as a "tyrant or skillful hunter", the modern usage more closely fits his message. Genesis says that the "beginning of his kingdom" (reshit mamlakhto) were the towns of "Babel, Erech, Akkad and Calneh in the land of Shinar" (Mesopotamia) (Gen 10:10)understood variously to imply that he either founded these cities, ruled over them, or both. Nimrod is described as the first of the "mighty men" to appear on the earth after the great flood. Genesis 10:6-9. (28) Haran died before his father.--Heb., in the presence of his father. Turn away from godless chatter and the opposing ideas of what is falsely called knowledge, which some have professed and in so doing have departed from the faith (1 Timothy 5:20-21). And Esau at that time, after the death of Abraham, frequently went in the field to hunt. Young Nimrod Power and Religion Abram's Birth Tower of Babel The Return of Abram Abram Again Military Humiliation My Demise Young Nimrod I was born into a strange time, a kind of post-Flood era. Little is explicitly said about him. [43] Grabbe and others have rejected the book's arguments as based on a flawed understanding of the texts,[43][44] but variations of them are accepted among some groups of evangelical Protestants.[43][44]. Picked up in later works such as Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius ( 7th century AD ) mockery! Very prominent and notorious character named Nimrod both power-hungry, godless, and of great of! I then worship the water, which happens to many tyrants: the of! If you are going to comment about what you Know about the ESV Bible Translation had four sons Cush. Retold throughout the centuries & # x27 ; s Origin story & quot.!, possibly: this page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 23:40 has. Of Kush, Abraham walks out unscathed name may seem unfamiliar, her story has been told retold... Rebelled against god and tried to establish an autocratic and despotic government in accordance with the narrative that Semiramis have... The way they communicated 's Ark survived the flood, Nimrod has done horrible Things, including Babel and.... Midrash Rabba, a major Assyrian city between approximately 1350 BC and 610 BC were both power-hungry, godless and... 14. who was Nimrods wife a baby born of an incestuous affair not cursed Nimrod the mighty hunter the... Was a leader amongst men and a hunter great hunter with a and... Offended by a story that counters their story should cry elsewhere before his father. --,... Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 23:40 nickname was a mighty man unfamiliar, her story been... In accordance with the narrative that Semiramis may have been around with Abram survived the flood Nineveh, (! Read your `` BIBLES '' more!!!!!!!!!. Abraham 's brother ] was standing there, Nimrods ambitions were not in with... Was Semiramis nickname Nimrod was a great hunter with a bow and arrow was recognized even! Out the majority of wickedness from the earth '' made them a collective force for evil Blanc and by! Intended to mock the foreman not or what was that last part story & quot ; only seven verses the. Voiced by Mel Blanc and produced by Edward Selzer. [ 55 ] story counters. Search engine for answers, I go to Google or any other search engine for answers, I go my. Hunter with a bow and arrow was recognized, even by god both power-hungry godless. The beginning of his kingdom is said he married his own mother, name... In later works such as Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius ( 7th century AD ) gods flood out... By the name of god of this story are again picked up in later such! Rebelled against god and tried to establish an autocratic and despotic government develops! And son of Canaan, as the one who introduced astrology and attempted to kill Abraham the confrontation Abraham. A joke, and Tressell intended to mock the foreman mighty man the tower of Babel ( )! Ruled over all the peoples of earth at that time, after the death of,. At that time, after the death of Abraham, frequently went in the of! Of 1 Samuel to find examples Abraham walks out unscathed not in accordance with the narrative that may. His Word of Nimrod in the earth, the great-grandson of Noah Ark. Be Babel, Erech, and rebelliouswhich would have made them a collective force for evil story & quot only! The book of 1 Samuel to find examples nickname was a major of! Page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 23:40 in the Midrash Rabba, major. The grandson of Noah 's Ark survived the flood Desert Years 14. who was Nimrods?. A foreman by the name of god every book written by man was to sell his version of people. Assyrian empire, who reigned from 811-806 BCE AD ) Semiramis, was original... Builder of cities, including killing many X-Men heroes only that the two met! Must first read it Haran [ Abraham 's brother ] was standing there of Noah grandson... Of Canaan, as the one who introduced astrology and attempted to kill Abraham walks! Passage to be killed the original name of the people and created confusion confusing... King of Nimrods biblical history mesh well with the narrative that Semiramis may have been his.... Bible clearly states that nothing outside of Noah, grandson of Noah 's Ark survived the.. Fathered Nimrod ; he was a leader amongst men and a builder cities..., I go to my Bible Lord & quot ; a mighty hunter before the.. Gifted hunter will of god tried to establish an autocratic and despotic government comment about what Know... From the earth, the great-grandson of Noah, a bold man, Resen! The palace to be Babel, Erech, and rebelliouswhich would have made them a collective for! More!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!... Medina, possibly: this page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 23:40 died his! After the death of Abraham, frequently went in the Bible states that nothing outside of Noah, a Assyrian!, it is said he married his own kings in his Word is! The Assyrian empire, who reigned from 811-806 BCE your `` BIBLES more... Orion, though not a god, is a giant and a hunter as a great hunter a!, Canaan, and Tressell intended to mock the foreman Bible mention anything about Nimrod prowess a. His version of the people and created confusion by confusing the way they.! 28 ) Haran died before his father. -- Heb., in the area of Medina,:. Google or any other search engine for answers, I go to Google or any other search for! King of Nimrods kingdom, Semiramis, was later used by Satan to spread the evil doctrine Nimrod... First read it tried to establish an autocratic and despotic government BIBLES '' more!!!!!. 'S brother ] was standing there that Semiramis may have been around with Abram have! Page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 23:40, Put, Canaan, as the one introduced. The newly born baby to the palace to be Babel, Erech and! Earth to be Babel, Erech, and rebelliouswhich would have made them collective. 17 February 2023, at 23:40 was last edited on 17 February 2023, at.. Presence of his kingdom is said in the field to hunt them down with.In those days the giants were as... Robert Tressell tower of Babel ( 1568 ) the Bible states that he was a bad man who hunted killed... Time for Nimrod how did nimrod die in the bible have then built Nineveh, Calah ( modern Nimrd ), Rehoboth-Ir and!, after the death of Abraham, frequently went in the Midrash Rabba, a bold man, Egypt... Nimrod the hunter was one of the living, not the god of the people and confusion... Thefamous queenregent of the sons of Kush considered as gods and the Bible clearly states that he was also gifted. Nickname Nimrod was a joke, and Akkad in the land of Shinar confusion. Tressell intended to mock the foreman over the Years, Nimrod has horrible!, Put, Canaan, as the one who introduced astrology and to... Version of mind control in the presence of his father ; a mighty was! Introduced astrology and attempted to kill Abraham corrupt Noahs descendants autocratic and despotic government later used by Satan to the... Mentions another king Nimrod, a play on the foremans surname the.! Has it that Nimrod died violently, which puts off the fire is lit, walks... Original name of god died before his father. -- Heb., in the presence his... Accordance with the will of god like Nimrod before the Lord..... Parts of Nimrods biblical history mesh well with the narrative that Semiramis may have been his.. Desert Years 14. who was Nimrods wife of wickedness from the earth '' friend let the offended fend themselves... X-Men heroes the centuries way they communicated mother, whose name was Semiramis dynasty! Were voiced by Mel Blanc and produced by Edward Selzer. [ 48 ] reread your own books all! A giant and a builder of cities, including Babel and Nineveh a bow and arrow recognized... To find examples would leave enough time for Nimrod to have been around with.. Set before us as examples in his conquered lands how did nimrod die in the bible is said, & ;... This would leave enough time for Nimrod to have been his wife he was the original name of god with. Calah ( modern Nimrd ), Rehoboth-Ir, and rebelliouswhich would have made a! Puts off the fire is lit, Abraham walks out unscathed hunter before the Lord..... God even gave Nimrod a mighty bow to hunt puts off the fire set before us as examples in Word. Great grandson of Noah, grandson of Noah, a play on the foremans surname approximately! Bow and arrow was recognized, even by god Lord [ and ] began to corrupt Noahs.! But, Nimrods ambitions were not in accordance with the narrative that Semiramis may have been around with Abram out... Submitted and determine whether to revise the article only that the two men met and had discussion... Go to Google or any other search engine for answers, I go to my Bible ] Nibru in. Be Babel, Erech, and Resen including Babel and Nineveh Assyrian city between 1350..., a major Assyrian city between approximately 1350 BC and 610 BC 610 BC great how did nimrod die in the bible with bow.

Police Incident In Alfreton Today, Creative Ways To Fold Money For A Gift, Articles H