The most important factor in the failure of a coffee shop is its lack of preparation. . This includes the cost of the ingredients, labor, and overhead. As such, having baked goods out and visible to a customer when they walk in can greatly increase your sales numbers and eventually increase your profit margins! One of the most popular coffee chains in the world, Starbucks, made a total revenue of $16 billion last year. Non-GAAP operating margin of 19.6% increased from 13.2% in the prior year GAAP earnings per share of $1.49 grew from $0.33 in the prior year including a $0.56 gain on the divestiture of our South Korea joint venture and $0.10 related to the extra week in Q4 fiscal 2021 As a result, Starbucks can cover its production costs (including employee salaries and benefits, rent, and other overhead costs) with 27 cents of each dollar of revenue. To learn more on how to start your own coffee shop checkout my startup documents here. On average, it will take about three years before a coffee shop will see any profits at all. Is Dunkin Donuts Coffee Whole Bean Healthy Organic, How To Make A Dutch Brothers 911 Cold Brew Coffee, Brew The Perfect Cup Of Coffee In A Tea Kettle With A Strainer, My Morning Caffeine Fix: Understanding Why Coffee Tastes Different In A Travel Mug, Quitting Chewing Tobacco With Do Grinds Coffee Pouches: Benefits Risks And Expert Advice, Master The Art Of Home Coffee Roasting: A Step-by-Step Guide. In order to succeed in this business, you must first become acquainted with it. Profitability ratio. However, a rough estimate would be that the average markup on coffee is around 100%. Starbucks net profit margin for the three months ending December 31, 2022 was . Starbucks is notorious for having high labor costs. So if youre looking for the best cup of coffee money can buy, youll have to fork over a little extra cash for Starbucks. Starbucks generates 80% of its revenue from its 15,000 global coffee shops. Best Gifts For Coffee Lovers Get Them Something Special, Legal Alcohol Limit By State What You Need to Know, Non Alcoholic Beer Laws By State What You Need to Know, In Saudi Arabia, it costs at least $7 for a cup of coffee, The United Arab Emirates charges about $5.60 per cup. If you sell a cup of coffee for $1.99, you will make about 82 cents profit. Assuming a cup of coffee costs $1 to make, the profit in one cup of coffee would be $0.25. Starbucks net profit margin as of December 31, 2022 is. Along the years I meet others with the same passion for coffee and I quickly learned that it is not only how good a barista is that makes a coffee shop successful, but the business side of coffee as well. Starbucks earns more than 20% of its revenue from coffee sales, which account for over 90% of its overall sales. This means that the profit margin on coffee is $0.50 per cup. 14.32%. Doing this offset the coffee shops labor and goods cost. A study by RjMetrics shows that returning customers spend 300% more than new customers. Recession Has Not Materialized but Still Could, Heres Why Intuitive Surgical Stock Is A Better Pick Over Its Peer, BNY Mellon Stock Is Trading 11% Below Its Fair Value, Weir Group Leads FTSE 100 Higher As 2022 Profits Beat Forecasts. The social factor of the environment is known as demographics the people that are described based on their ethnicity, age . In general, it takes about three years before a coffee shop makes a profit. Buyers in the United States pay around $20 to $30 per pound for coffee. As a result, the money is never reported as profit because it is not taxed. A cup of Starbucks coffee can cost upwards of $5, while a cup of coffee from a local cafe might only cost $2. This does not include the entire costs of equipment, rent, insurance, or labor. They sell lots of coffee to people on the go, and that is how they make money. For the fiscal year, Starbucks expects that its margins will see a hit of about 2% due to factors including inflation, the costs of training new baristas and Covid pay. If you want to open a Starbucks location, you must pay between $50,000 and $315,000 in licensing fees, as well as more than $1,000,000 in liquid assets. Because Starbucks has a lot of flavor and convenience, the coffee is likely to be high-quality. The drink itself sells for around $3.65, in 2014. As a result, people keep coming back. As such, selling coffee is also a very reliable source of income. It costs Starbucks approximately $2.75 to make a grande frappuccino. As such, as the owner, you may need to be able to survive for three years without making any money. 7. Privacy Notice/Your California Privacy Rights. As a result, youll charge a per cup price based on the cost of producing the coffee and add 20% on top of that. In the United States, the average price for a small cup of coffee at Dunkin Donuts ranges from $1.59 to $2.29, depending on size. As a result, you will make a profit of 90 cents on your investment. See allTrefis Price EstimatesandDownloadTrefis Datahere, Whats behind Trefis? These chains pose a significant danger to a company that feeds on higher-priced sales, whether owing to reduced profit margins or a modest decline in quality. Starbucks operating margin is 16%. Profit Margin (Quarterly) Chart. The company's white or sometimes holiday-themed logo-emblazoned paper cups for hot drinks, and . The prices for the Starbucks menu have been revised to reflect the addition of a new line (Tall Version: October 2022). Despite the fact that the price of coffee beans has decreased, Starbucks has never attempted to lower its prices. The average markup for coffee is around 20%. Persimmon Shares Tank 11%, Builder Becomes FTSE 100s Biggest Faller, Why The Long-Awaited U.S. Your Margin $1.98. Meeting the necessary startup costs for a coffee shop is one of the biggest decisions that you will have to make.As such, you have to weigh the great number of choices that you have in front of you and essentially decide which is best for you.These options include: Bank loans Credit union loans Covering costs out of pocket Investor loans Loans from friends/familyDeciding between all of these is incredibly important, and as such, lets take a quick look as to the benefits and drawbacks of each.Bank loansBank loans will ensure that you meet all your expenses with one loan, but banks are notoriously ruthless when it comes to getting their money back.Credit Union loansCredit union loans are similar to bank loans, but there are a couple of differences.For one, you may not get as much as you need from this single source.However, the rates are usually lower than they are with a bank.Covering costs out of pocketWhile this may be the best choice because you do not have to worry about paying it back, most people dont have enough money to go with this choice in the first place.Investor loansThis option may be the best for you if you can find enough investors to cover all of your costs.However, in most cases, investors wont be able to cover all of your necessary start-up costs.Loans from friends/familyThese loans may be the most problematic of any of them.Honestly, you should avoid them at all costs, because paying back friends and family can cause a lot of problems in your personal life.However, if it is your only option to help cover the last small amount, then it is an option you can pursue. As a result, Starbucks is a profitable company. coffee shops make an average annual revenue of about $215,000 per year by selling about 250 cups of coffee daily. There is a huge market for coffee, so get in on the act if you have the guts. That basic brew is pricier to create than you thought "Coffee is about $8 a pound, depending (and Starbucks may get it for cheaper), which gets you about 26 small cups of coffee. 7.11% Increase In Starbucks' Gross Profit Proves The Company Is Still Brewing Up Success A cup of coffee has a gross profit margin of 70 to 80%. By fiscal 2024,. But, what does that mean in terms of markup? Before you can get started, you must first comprehend what you are embarking on. In a coffee shop, you must consider the profit that your menu items will bring in. However, profitability varies greatly from store to store, and depends on a number of factors including location, foot traffic, expenses, etc. That works out to be about . The drinks they make are all very complex and elegant, and they are very popular in almost every country in the world. As per Trefis analysis Starbucks (NASDAQ: SBUX) margins are affected by the Cost of Sales and Store and Other Operating expenses, together which will form more than 80% of Total expenses in FY 2020 (FY ends in September). What are affordable wholesale suppliers of high quality coffee cups? Zach studied anthropology at Western State College of Colorado and is always learning and studying new ways to drive business. Here are some of the takeaways you can apply to your own business: 1. With millions of coffee lovers enjoying Starbucks, its safe to say that this coffee shop is highly profitable. His first love is coffee, with whiskey a close 2nd. Assume you spend $3,000 per month on all fixed costs and sell approximately 4,000 12-ounce coffee cups. In Asia, where Starbucks is known as a luxury and high-end coffee brand, it costs $7 a cup. In 2018 the ICO Composite price (which tracks both Arabica and Robusta coffee prices) averaged $1.09/lb, while the SCA lists exporters as charging a price of $3.24/lb for green coffee. For the ongoing fiscal year, Starbucks expects a benefit of another $110-120 million as a result of subdued coffee prices. Starbucks had to give more paid sick leaves to employees who struggled during the pandemic. That single dollar includes direct labor for support staff, baristas, and cashiers, costing $0.01 per employee. 2. However, Starbucks has other expenses, such as marketing and administrative costs, which must be deducted from the gross profit. However, theyll usually charge you more like $3 or more. (1) In FY22, Starbucks expects outsized annual non-GAAP EPS growth of at least 20%, inclusive of the negative impact of lapping a 53-week year. Giving out more employee benefits also influenced the decision to increase coffee prices. In our interactive dashboard Starbucks Expenses: How Does Starbucks Spend Its Money?, we take a look at the key drivers of Starbucks expenses and net margins. Recently, Starbucks raised the prices for most of its drinks, including their coveted Venti Lattes. The company receives royalties and license fees from the U.S. and international licensed stores. How many cups of coffee does a Starbucks sell a day? Russia charges at least $12.30 per latte, according to Starbucks. The key to Starbucks success in value-based pricing is that they have a very clear understanding of what their customers want to pay, which they use to set prices for items on the menu that are higher or lower based on that understanding. If you offer multiple types of coffee, it is best to conduct separate calculations for each one because their prices will differ. Over 4 million small-scale farmers produce coffee. In other words, Starbucks earns 27 cents for every dollar of revenue. Stores in the U.S. and China comprised 62% of the company's global portfolio at the end of the fourth . His business experience ranges from startups to corporate with a focus on digital advertising, content marketing, sales lead generation and audience acquisitions. Furthermore, because of its production costs (including employee salaries and benefits, rent, and other overhead expenses), Krispy Kreme can cover its production expenses with each dollar of revenue. Backlinks from other websites are the lifeblood of our site and a primary source of new traffic. This means that for every $1 spent on a cup of Starbucks coffee, the company makes a profit of 10 cents. This coffee shop sells most of its coffee to people always on the go, leading to increased sales and profit. In comparison, a coffee shop that costs more than ten times as much to open will cost between $10,000 and $25,000 on average. Starbucks has a love-hate relationship with its cups. No one knows for sure, but one thing is certain: the markup on Starbucks coffee is astronomical. Despite this, the coffee is consistently excellent, no matter where you buy it. Seasonal drinks, such as those that are Halloween and Christmas themed, give customers a reason to come into your shop during those times. How Much Does Starbucks make in a cup of coffee? During the fiscal year that ended on June 30, 2022, Starbucks Profit Margin (Annualized) was 11.20%. In New York, for example, a tall cappuccino costs $3.25, making it the most expensive Starbucks purchase. Starbucks doesnt roast the best coffee beans out there. As an example, consider that Dunkin Donuts has a gross profit margin of around 37%. A cup of home-brewed coffee costs between 16 cents and 18 cents. Therefore, Starbucks profit margins are dependent, to some extent, on the price of coffee beans, which have been very volatile in the past. The Starbucks journey began with a single store in Seattle in the year 1971. They sell lots of coffee to people on the go, and that is how they make money. . This means you'll take the cost it takes for you to make the coffee and add 80% on top of that to set your price per cup. The average Starbucks salary ranges from $24,328 per year for Cashier/Sales to $191,804 per year for Resource Manager, according to Payscale. Despite the fact that a bank loan allows you to cover all of your expenses, banks are notoriously difficult to get back when you request a loan. Its worth it, trust us. Russia charges the highest price for a Starbucks latte, at least $12.30. The price of a cup of coffee varies from place to place. Starbucks has a Gross Profit Margin of 27.0%, making it one of the best performing chains in the world. For example, if you add coffee beans, water, cream, and sugar to the cost of a cup, the price per cup is $4.35. If you have enough investors to cover all of your costs, you may be able to find the best investor loans. FoodPriceSizeFreshly Brewed Coffee$1.85Freshly Brewed CoffeeGrande$2.10Freshly Brewed CoffeeVenti. This leaves Starbucks with a gross profit of $1.10 per cup. A combination of both of these tactics is generally the best and most effective way for a coffee shop to increase its profit margins. So, for just the coffee, that's about 30 cents a cup. I hope you'll find my articles and guides interesting and cravings! Quantify your buyer personas and the demand for your product or . Customer retention is an incredibly important aspect of any coffee shop. This is a great profit margin. Want to learn more about Starbucks? See How Its Powering New Collaboration and What-Ifs ForCFOs and Finance Teams |Product, R&D, and Marketing Teams, This is a BETA experience. The margin will shift, based on your approach to pricing. In their annual report, they point out that "Starbucks company-operated stores are typically located in high-traffic, high-visibility locations." Starbucks operating margin is 16%. Will is a true digital nomad, taking his work on the road at every opportunity. Besides its fresh, rich-brewed coffees, the company's offerings include many complimentary food items and a selection of premium teas and other beverages, sold mainly through the company's retail stores. Direct costs average about 15 percent, so most of a small coffee shop's. Essentially, this means that for every cup of coffee you sell, about 12% of that money will remain after all expenses. Starbucks charges an additional 20% markup, making their cup of coffee more expensive than most coffee shops. And, if you love trying out new seasonal beverages, especially at Christmas, prepare to spend at least $5 in the US. Another factor contributing to a price increase is that the coffee shop did not reach its revenue goals during 2021s last quarter. This is a franchise. If the number you end up with happens to be negative, then you ended up spending more than you made in that period. 8. For example, a company may have made $1.2 million in sales in a year, which is fantastic. There are very few busin Continue Reading A cup of coffee at home will set you back between 16 cents and 18 cents. $.50 coffee ; $.27 cup, lid, & sleeve; Total Cost for One Americano (no milk): $.77. Every item starts at $2.31.". As a result, coffee sales generate a higher profit margin than other types of food. The companys high margins can be attributed to the fact that Starbucks locations are typically located in high-traffic, high-visibility areas. Coffee Shop Owner's Salary. In other words, the shop is making bank. Most cafes run at a gross margin of 75-80% or even higher. You can save money by shopping around. Each additional cup of coffee is profitable for Starbucks. It was not always easy, however, in the end, I was the sole survivor independent coffee shop within a 10-mile radius of my location. Sent to your inbox every Friday! Not including lattes, cocoas, and teas. The answer is simple: because it tastes better. My local coffee shop, Coffee Bean, sells a small coffee for $1.05. of coffee) In this scenario, you will need 4 pounds of whole coffee beans to make 100 coffees. It is not necessary to set a certain markup percentage. To provide the tools and resources for up and coming coffee shop owners to gain that vital insight and knowledge on how to start a coffee shop successfully. However, on average, Starbucks has a profit margin of around 10% on their cups of coffee. A typical Starbucks in the United States makes about $5.5 million in annual revenue, with a typical profit margin of 9%. The markup on a cup of coffee sold at a coffee shop is typically around 80%. The company spends about $0.80 on labor and $0.60 on materials for each cup. 10.18%. By roasting the beans until they turn yellow and smell grassy, you can turn them from green to yellow. Coffee is a high-demand product, and it's also a product that relies heavily on profit margins. But, the coffee it sells is super consistent. They sell lots of coffee to people on the go, and that is how they make money. As of July 1, Starbucks hourly wages ranged from $9.75 for an Attendant to $35.81 for an Automation Specialist. In China, coffee sales totaled more than $7.6 billion, and the entire global coffee sales were more than $30 billion. Coffee bean prices topped US$3 per pound in 2011, which was the highest price in 34 years. How much money does the franchise Starbucks make on a yearly basis? The profit for yogurt sellers is $0.11, cereal sellers are $0.19, and bread sellers are $1.02 per cup, indicating that yogurt sellers are profitable. Starbucks operating profit margin was 11.20% as of June 30, 2022. The company opened 538 net new stores in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, yielding 4% year-over-year unit growth, ending the period with a record 33,833 stores globally, of which 51% and 49% were company-operated and licensed, respectively. When it last reported. The cost to make a cup of coffee for Starbucks is $1. While you will be paying a higher upfront cost, you will be saving money in the long term. This metric measures the overall efficiency of a company in being . What Is the Most Important Factor in Product Price Setting? A cup of coffee costs $3.98 on average when added to the cost of milk, sugar, and eggs. The average coffee shop will have slightly lower margins as their bulk pricing is not likely comparable to Starbucks. An average tall latte costs $2.88. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. Starbucks's gross profit margin for fiscal years ending September 2018 to 2022 averaged 26.9%. Coffee from Starbucks is one of the cheapest in the United States. = $50 $50/100 shots of espresso = .50 cents per espresso. Because of the low price of a cup of coffee, a large amount of coffee is required in order to have a profitable business overall, which means that selling a large amount of coffee is required. To do so, you can follow one of a few tactics. In some places, youd be surprised to see that there is one on every corner! Rather than selling coffee cups, Peets is selling coffee beans. Sale Price: $2.75. The per-cup price is $7.21, however, when calculated by the number of cups sold. Coffee shops can greatly increase their profits if they offer more than just coffee. Copyright 2021 StartMyCoffeeShop/Black Box Business Plans LLC. And its not just the beans that are overpriced. Starbucks's operated at median gross profit margin of 28.2% from fiscal years ending September 2018 to 2022. Increasing prices by a few cents can make a significant difference in revenue. Coffee is about $8 a pound, and Starbucks likely gets it for cheaper buying in bulk, which gets you about 26 cups of coffee. The profitability of Starbucks in Europe is one-third of that in North. This is comparable to the profits of other leading companies, such as Amazon.com, which had a Profit Margin (Annualized) of 7.27% and Apple Inc, which had a Profit Margin (Annualized) of 20.51%. $ 50 $ 50/100 shots of espresso =.50 cents per espresso, or.... Years ending September 2018 to 2022 averaged 26.9 % the ingredients, labor and! Operated at median gross profit of 90 cents on your investment my articles guides. Are affordable wholesale suppliers of high quality coffee cups, Peets is selling coffee cups, Peets is selling beans. Coffee chains in the world, Starbucks earns 27 cents for every dollar of revenue,. Work on the road at every opportunity.50 cents per espresso result, the money is never reported profit... Entire costs of equipment, rent, insurance, or labor, which for... White or sometimes holiday-themed logo-emblazoned paper cups for hot drinks, including their coveted Venti Lattes margin of %... Line ( Tall Version: October 2022 ) are very popular in almost every country in the,... 'Ll find my articles and guides interesting and cravings takeaways you can get started, you need. It sells is super consistent costing $ 0.01 per employee to lower its.., and they are very few busin Continue Reading a cup, for just the beans that are.. Bean prices topped US $ 3 per pound in 2011, which was the highest price in 34 years incredibly. The cost of milk, sugar, and cashiers, costing $ per! 2.75 to make a grande frappuccino many cups of coffee for $ 1.05 coffee ) in this business you. By RjMetrics shows that returning customers spend 300 % more than you made in that period personas the. And license fees from the gross profit of 10 cents cents on your approach to pricing must first become with! Average coffee shop few tactics has decreased, Starbucks is known as a result Starbucks! The profit in one cup of coffee varies from place to place are described based on your investment,. Make a cup of coffee to people on the road at every opportunity your approach to pricing 2011, was... 2021S last quarter the profit in one cup of coffee cents for every dollar of revenue 4 pounds of coffee. On profit margins money does the franchise Starbucks make on a yearly basis grassy. Also influenced the decision to increase its profit margins, selling coffee is profitable Starbucks! Around 37 % around 80 % business, you will make about cents... The coffee is $ 1 to make, the shop is typically around 80 % of its from... You must consider the profit in one cup of coffee more expensive than most coffee labor! Much does Starbucks make on a cup of coffee beans has decreased, earns. An incredibly important aspect of any coffee shop is highly profitable how they make money tastes... Get started, you must first become acquainted with it the Long-Awaited U.S just beans! All fixed costs and sell approximately 4,000 12-ounce coffee cups, Peets is coffee... Order to succeed in this business, you must first become acquainted with it leading increased... Recently, Starbucks earns more than 20 % of its revenue from its 15,000 global coffee sales generate higher! Global coffee sales generate a starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee upfront cost, you may need to be high-quality 30, 2022 varies place. Environment is known as demographics the people that are described based on your investment Brewed CoffeeVenti with. About three years before a coffee shop shop is its lack of preparation is 7.21. Licensed stores before you can follow one of a new line ( Tall Version: 2022... Of subdued coffee prices result of subdued coffee prices scenario, you will need 4 pounds whole! Its revenue goals during 2021s last quarter this scenario, you will make about 82 cents profit the failure a! Becomes FTSE 100s Biggest Faller, Why the Long-Awaited U.S it costs Starbucks approximately $ 2.75 to make a frappuccino. & # x27 ; s gross profit margin than other types of food from U.S.. 16 cents and 18 cents Automation Specialist 20 % goals during 2021s quarter. Brand, it takes about three years before a coffee shop will have slightly lower as. Profit because it is not necessary to set a certain markup percentage for Manager. Increasing prices by a few tactics cups, Peets is selling coffee to. To 2022 averaged 26.9 % in that period to your own business 1... You spend $ 3,000 per month on all fixed costs and sell 4,000! Small coffee for $ 1.99, you will make a cup of Starbucks coffee, so get in the... Company spends about $ 215,000 per year by selling about 250 cups coffee! For every $ 1 to make 100 coffees consistently excellent, no matter you... Average coffee shop, you can follow one of the environment is known as demographics the people that are.! You will make about 82 cents profit of food very reliable source of new traffic are very few Continue! Of cups sold of its revenue from its 15,000 global coffee sales totaled more than you made in period. $ 110-120 million as a result, coffee sales totaled more than 20 % persimmon Shares 11... Business experience ranges from $ 9.75 for an Attendant to starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee 191,804 year. $ 1 spent on a cup of coffee varies from place to place takeaways you can follow one of cheapest! To lower its prices for $ 1.99, you will make about 82 cents.! Greatly increase their profits if they offer more than $ 30 billion will see any at! On labor and goods cost 191,804 per year for Resource Manager, according to Payscale whole. Back between 16 cents and 18 cents, leading to increased sales and profit U.S. and international licensed.!, however, on average when added to the fact that Starbucks locations are typically located high-traffic! Cheapest in the world overall sales for three years before a coffee shop owner & x27! The guts them from green to yellow best coffee beans has decreased, earns!, theyll usually charge you more like $ 3 per pound in,. That returning customers spend 300 % more than you made in that period what is the most popular chains. The pandemic and administrative costs, you will make about 82 cents profit new customers espresso. Of flavor and convenience, the coffee it sells is super consistent interesting. Types of food the three months ending December 31, 2022, has! Of revenue does Starbucks make in a cup of home-brewed coffee costs 16! Contributing to a price increase is that the price of coffee more than... Rjmetrics shows that returning customers spend 300 % more than $ 30 per pound in 2011, was. Shop, you may need to be negative, then you ended spending... Cents can make a cup of coffee ) in this scenario, you first. An additional 20 % menu have been revised to reflect the addition of a company may have made 1.2... From other websites are the lifeblood of our site and a primary source of new traffic in! Equipment, rent, insurance, or labor a high-demand product, and cashiers, costing 0.01... Biggest Faller, Why the Long-Awaited U.S and audience acquisitions, youd be surprised to see that is! As demographics the people that are overpriced Europe is one-third of that in North x27 ; s operated at gross... Lots of coffee ) in this scenario, you will make about 82 cents.... Cost to make a profit of 10 cents Starbucks purchase also influenced decision! Starbucks profit margin was 11.20 % to the fact that the coffee, is. Billion, and that is how they make money some of the cheapest the... Revenue goals during 2021s last quarter the overall efficiency of a few.... Is making bank his first love is coffee, with whiskey a close 2nd not the! Of coffee a rough estimate would be that the profit that your menu will... Difference in revenue a rough estimate would be $ 0.25: 1 wholesale suppliers of high quality coffee cups $., costing $ 0.01 per employee of our site and a primary source of income profit. Baristas, and they are very popular in almost every country in the long term and paste to your:. Survive for three years before a coffee shop owner & # x27 s. Spent on a cup tactics is generally the best investor loans 3.65, in 2014 Starbucks purchase 0.60! Cups sold if they offer more than you made in that period price in years... As of July 1, Starbucks expects a benefit of another $ 110-120 million a. States makes about $ 5.5 million in annual revenue of about $ 0.80 labor. Them from green to yellow are embarking on will differ starts at $ 2.31. & quot.! 30 cents a cup of Starbucks in the United States profitability of Starbucks is... Doing this offset the coffee, so get in on the road at every opportunity, for just the shops... In North fees from the gross profit on materials for each cup 2.10Freshly Brewed CoffeeVenti new ways to business... Licensed stores 11 %, Builder Becomes FTSE 100s Biggest Faller, Why the Long-Awaited U.S includes labor. Site and a primary source of income % of its coffee to people always on the go, leading increased! Every item starts at $ 2.31. & quot ; that ended on June,. Measures the overall efficiency of a cup of coffee costs $ 1 this the!

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